521 U.S. 591 (1997) Cited 6,995 times 69 Legal Analyses
Holding that courts are "bound to enforce" Rule 23's certification requirements, even where it means decertifying a class after they had reached a settlement agreement and submitted it to the court for approval
Holding that decision to grant or reject objector's motion for discovery regarding fairness of settlement depended on "whether or not the District Court had before it sufficient facts intelligently to approve the settlement offer"
Holding that "class certification is inappropriate where a putative class representative is subject to unique defenses which threaten to become the focus of the litigation"
Holding that the failure to qualify for reliance presumption "typically renders trial unmanageable, precluding a finding that common issues predominate"
Holding that due process does not require actual receipt of notice mailed; "Particularly where mailing is supplemented by other forms of notice such as posting or publication, the risk of non-receipt is constitutionally acceptable."
Holding that the district court "reached the right conclusion when it declined to grant plaintiff an enlargement of the deadline date to opt out" and did not abuse its discretion by denying plaintiff's "motion to exclude himself from the Class nearly a year after the deadline to do so had expired"
Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 Cited 35,160 times 1237 Legal Analyses
Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"
Defining an FCM as, among other things and in pertinent part, an entity that is "engaged in soliciting or in accepting orders for the purchase or sale of a commodity for future delivery" or is registered as an FCM