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In re National Security Agency Telecommunications Records Litigation

Memorandum in Opposition Defendants' Opposition to Plaintiffs' Request for Punitive Damages

53 Cited authorities

  1. Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Services

    436 U.S. 658 (1978)   Cited 67,600 times   15 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "local government ... are 'persons'" for purposes of 42 U.S.C. § 1983

  2. Fed. Deposit Ins. v. Meyer

    510 U.S. 471 (1994)   Cited 7,067 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding a Bivens claim does not lie against federal agencies because, if damages claims were permitted against federal agencies, "there would be no reason for aggrieved parties to bring damages actions against individual officers" and thus "the deterrent effects of the Bivens remedy would be lost"

  3. State Farm Mut. Automobile Ins. Co. v. Campbell

    538 U.S. 408 (2003)   Cited 2,690 times   51 Legal Analyses
    Holding that an award of $145 million in punitive damages on a $1 million compensatory verdict violated due process

  4. BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore

    517 U.S. 559 (1996)   Cited 2,867 times   43 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a $2 million punitive damages award was "grossly excessive" and therefore exceeded the constitutional limit

  5. Lane v. Pena

    518 U.S. 187 (1996)   Cited 1,883 times
    Holding that any waiver of "sovereign immunity must be unequivocally expressed in statutory text" and "will be strictly construed, in terms of its scope, in favor of the sovereign"

  6. Vermont Agency of Nat. Res. v. U.S. ex rel. Stevens

    529 U.S. 765 (2000)   Cited 1,601 times   31 Legal Analyses
    Holding that States are not subject to private FCA actions

  7. Smith v. Wade

    461 U.S. 30 (1983)   Cited 3,169 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a showing of maliciousness is not required for "recovery of punitive damages"

  8. Kolstad v. Am. Dental Assn

    527 U.S. 526 (1999)   Cited 1,464 times   11 Legal Analyses
    Holding that an employer may avoid punitive damages under § 1981a if it has made good-faith efforts to prevent discrimination in the workplace

  9. City of Newport v. Fact Concerts, Inc.

    453 U.S. 247 (1981)   Cited 3,087 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Holding that municipalities and other government entities are immune from punitive damages under § 1983

  10. United States v. Nordic Village, Inc.

    503 U.S. 30 (1992)   Cited 1,791 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the existence of "plausible" interpretations that would not permit recovery "is enough to establish that a reading imposing monetary liability on the Government is not ‘unambiguous' and therefore should not be adopted"

  11. Section 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights

    42 U.S.C. § 1983   Cited 490,314 times   695 Legal Analyses
    Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation

  12. Section 2674 - Liability of United States

    28 U.S.C. § 2674   Cited 4,456 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Specifying scope of United States' liability

  13. Section 1981a - Damages in cases of intentional discrimination in employment

    42 U.S.C. § 1981a   Cited 4,167 times   55 Legal Analyses
    Finding that "additional remedies under Federal law are needed to deter unlawful harassment and intentional discrimination in the workplace"

  14. Section 1251 - Congressional declaration of goals and policy

    33 U.S.C. § 1251   Cited 3,552 times   62 Legal Analyses
    Designating the Administrator of the EPA to "administer this chapter"

  15. Section 6901 - Congressional findings

    42 U.S.C. § 6901   Cited 1,283 times   26 Legal Analyses
    Noting the "rising tide of scrap, discarded, and waste materials"

  16. Section 2410 - Actions affecting property on which United States has lien

    28 U.S.C. § 2410   Cited 1,073 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Granting the government a redemption right in sales made to satisfy liens with priority over those of the government

  17. Section 7431 - Civil damages for unauthorized inspection or disclosure of returns and return information

    26 U.S.C. § 7431   Cited 410 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Providing for civil damages for unauthorized inspection or disclosure of tax returns and tax return information

  18. Section 1801 - Definitions

    50 U.S.C. § 1801   Cited 280 times   10 Legal Analyses
    Defining "United States person" to be a "citizen of the United States, an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence" or certain unincorporated associations or corporations with ties to the United States

  19. Section 1806 - Use of information

    50 U.S.C. § 1806   Cited 169 times   4 Legal Analyses
    Allowing in camera , ex parte review of the legality of electronic surveillance under FISA Subchapter I if "the Attorney General files an affidavit under oath that disclosure or an adversary hearing would harm the national security of the United States"

  20. Section 2712 - Civil actions against the United States

    18 U.S.C. § 2712   Cited 58 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Providing that "any person who is aggrieved by any willful violation of this chapter . . . may commence an action in United States District Court against the United States to recover money damages."

  21. Section 594.201 - Prohibited transactions involving blocked property

    31 C.F.R. § 594.201   Cited 25 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Blocking the "property and interests in property" of SDGTs

  22. Section 594.202 - Effect of transfers violating the provisions of this part

    31 C.F.R. § 594.202   Cited 3 times
    Providing that attachment and other similar judicial process related to property blocked pursuant to the Global Terrorism Sanctions Regulations are null and void