Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc.

Holding that plaintiffs who curtailed their recreational activities on a river due to reasonable concerns about the effect of pollutant discharges into that river had standing

Bivens v. Six Unknown Fed. Narcotics Agents

Holding that there is an implied cause of action for money damages against federal officials for violations of the Fourth Amendment

Daimlerchrysler Corp. v. Cuno

Holding that an injury a plaintiff "suffers in some indefinite way in common with people generally" is not a cognizable injury-in-fact

Allen v. Wright

Holding that, even when plaintiffs allege "one of the most serious injuries recognized in our legal system," it's not justiciable where "the chain of causation between the challenged Government conduct and the asserted injury are far too weak for the chain as a whole to sustain respondents' standing"

Doe v. Chao

Holding a plaintiff must prove causation in order to obtain damages

Land v. Dollar

Holding generally that the District Court has the authority to consider questions of jurisdiction on the basis of affidavits as well as the pleadings

Vanover v. Hantman

Holding that individual government officials are not immune from injunctive relief arising from their intentional torts, but that “an award of injunctive relief ... cannot be imposed on [government] officials in their individual capacities.”

Mccready v. Nicholson

Holding that the district court properly granted summary judgment to the agency because the affidavit submitted by the agency set forth the search terms and type of search performed and established that no responsive records were recovered within the files likely to contain responsive materials

Rann v. Chao

Granting defendant's motion to dismiss or in the alternative for summary judgment

Maydak v. U.S.

Finding that BOP's argument that plaintiffs had failed to show an intentional or willful Privacy Act violation provided no basis for summary judgment "[b]ecause th[e] issue [was] a question of fact entirely undeveloped in the record"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 56 - Summary Judgment

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Rule 4 - Summons

Holding that if defendant is not served within 90 days after the complaint is filed, the court—on a motion, or on its own following notice to the plaintiff—must dismiss the action without prejudice against that defendant or order that service be made by a certain time

Section 701 - Application; definitions

Adopting the definition given in Section 551

Section 1407 - Multidistrict litigation

Authorizing consolidation of pretrial proceedings for related cases filed in multiple federal districts

Section 552a - Records maintained on individuals

Finding that it is a Department of Justice component that has as its principal function the enforcement of criminal laws includ[ing] correctional authorities

Section 527 - Evaluation and data collection