Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Clapper v. Amnesty Int'l USA

Holding that respondents could not establish injury by relying on a "speculative chain of possibilities"

Spencer v. Kemna

Holding that an issue is moot when "there is nothing for us to remedy"

Powers v. Ohio

Holding that a white defendant has standing to challenge strikes of black jurors

Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms

Holding that plaintiffs, alfalfa farmers, had standing based on a causal chain, though plaintiffs did not identify particular alfalfa plants that had been, or would necessarily be, pollinated by bees who carried the genetically engineered gene at issue

Hollingsworth v. Perry

Holding that proponents of a ballot initiative who "ha[d] no role ... in the enforcement of " the initiative and were not "agents of the State" lacked standing to defend it on appeal

FW/PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas

Holding that the burden is on the plaintiff to allege facts sufficient to establish jurisdiction (quoting McNutt v. General Motors Acceptance Corp., 298 U.S. 178, 189 (1936))

Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc.

Holding extrinsic materials were not "integral" to the complaint because the complaint "d[id] not refer to the[m]" and "plaintiffs apparently did not rely on them in drafting it"

Simon v. E. Ky. Welfare Rights Org.

Holding plaintiffs who sued IRS lacked standing where they hoped reversal of IRS rule would " ‘discourage’ hospitals from denying their services to" plaintiffs, but whether hospitals had denied services based on the existing rule remained unclear and, even if the rule were reversed, hospitals would remain free to not provide services to plaintiffs

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 1001 - Congressional findings and declaration of policy

Noting that ERISA was enacted “to protect ... employee benefit plans and their beneficiaries”

Section 162 - Trade or business expenses

Denying deductions for illegal bribes, kickbacks, etc.

Section 1102 - Establishment of plan

Granting administrator, as “named fiduciary,” the “authority to control and manage the operation and administration of the plan”

Section 1024 - Filing with Secretary and furnishing information to participants and certain employers

Striking "plan description"

Section 1106 - Prohibited transactions

Prohibiting a plan administrator or a plan fiduciary from transferring to or for the benefit of a party in interest any assets of the plan

Section 1103 - Establishment of trust

Providing that “all assets of an employee benefit plan shall be held in trust by one or more trustees”

Section 1341 - Termination of single-employer plans

Permitting a bankruptcy court to approve the termination of a single-employer pension plan during Chapter 11 reorganization

Section 1082 - Minimum funding standards

Naming a plan's sponsor as one party that may perfect a security interest as part of a minimum-funding waiver

Section 1344 - Allocation of assets

Focusing on the language "under which such benefit would be the least"

Section 2520.103-1 - Contents of the annual report