449 U.S. 383 (1981) Cited 4,205 times 128 Legal Analyses
Holding that communications between corporate counsel and a corporation's employees made for the purpose of rendering legal advice are protected by the attorney-client privilege
Holding the privilege applied where "the documents in question were generated in the course of advising the President in the exercise of his appointment and removal power, a quintessential and nondelegable Presidential power"
Holding that the law enforcement privilege prevented disclosure of NYPD Field Reports containing "detailed information about the undercover operations of the NYPD" which, if revealed, would "hinder the NYPD's ability to conduct future undercover investigations"
Holding that anticipation of litigation means that the document must have been "prepared because of the prospect of litigation," and not in the "ordinary course of business."
Holding that " in camera proceedings in the context of grand jury proceedings and ongoing investigations requiring secrecy are not violative of due process" despite lack of opportunity to rebut government's proffer
Holding that the privilege only applies when the communication between counsel and client is for the purpose of securing either an opinion on law, legal services, or assistance in some legal proceeding
Holding that because the agency did not identify the authors or recipients, the court could not identify those “persons' relationships to the decisionmaking process”
Holding that "while the attorney-client privilege may be vitiated without showing that the attorney knew of the fraud or crime, those seeking to overcome the opinion work product privilege must make a prima facie showing that the attorney in question was aware of or a knowing participant in the criminal conduct"