Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation

Holding the district court did not abuse its discretion in declining to admit affidavits in support of standing when filed after summary judgment briefing and hearing were complete

Daimlerchrysler Corp. v. Cuno

Holding that plaintiffs did not have standing because their injury was " 'conjectural or hypothetical' in that it depend[ed] on how legislators respond[ed] to a reduction in revenue"

Allen v. Wright

Holding that, even when plaintiffs allege "one of the most serious injuries recognized in our legal system," it's not justiciable where "the chain of causation between the challenged Government conduct and the asserted injury are far too weak for the chain as a whole to sustain respondents' standing"

Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner

Holding that plaintiffs subject to a regulation had standing to challenge it even though the Attorney General had yet to "authorize criminal and seizure actions for violations of the statute"

National Park Hospitality Assn. v. Dept. of Interior

Holding that although the question presented was purely legal and the rule constituted final action, further factual development would "significantly advance our ability to deal with the legal issues presented" so the matter was not ripe for judicial review

Heckler v. Ringer

Holding that plaintiffs' claims were not wholly collateral to a statutory scheme of administrative and judicial review of Medicare payment decisions, where plaintiffs' constitutional and statutory challenge to an agency's procedure for reaching payment decisions was "at bottom" an attempt to reverse the agency's decision to deny payment

Shalala v. Illinois Council on Long Term Care, Inc.

Holding that a plaintiff cannot escape the requirements of 42 U.S.C. § 405(h) by phrasing what is essentially a claim for benefits as something other than a claim for monetary relief

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 552a - Records maintained on individuals

Finding that it is a Department of Justice component that has as its principal function the enforcement of criminal laws includ[ing] correctional authorities

Section 1395dd - Examination and treatment for emergency medical conditions and women in labor

Providing for civil penalties of up to $50,000 for a physician who "signs a certification under subsection (c) ... if the physician knew or should have known that the benefits did not outweigh the risks"

Section 1395oo - Provider Reimbursement Review Board

Granting jurisdiction to the district court over this type of appeal

Section 1395ww - Payments to hospitals for inpatient hospital services

Providing for a wage-index adjustment

Section 1320d-6 - Wrongful disclosure of individually identifiable health information

Prohibiting use and disclosure of "individually identifiable health information" without authorization

Section 201 - Definitions

Defining "Secretary" as Secretary of HHS

Section 1320d-5 - General penalty for failure to comply with requirements and standards

Prescribing penalties where the entity "did not know" it committed a violation

Section 1320d-2 - Standards for information transactions and data elements

Making penalties for failing to comply with certain standards of a past due "debt," including by allowing the Internal Revenue Service authority to offset under 26 U.S.C. § 6402

Section 1395w-4 - Payment for physicians' services

Requiring that reimbursement rates for a given year be announced prior to November 1 of the preceding year

Section 164.512 - Uses and disclosures for which an authorization or opportunity to agree or object is not required

Approving disclosure to health oversight agency of protected health information to determine eligibility for government benefit programs

Section 164.502 - Uses and disclosures of protected health information: General rules

Providing that a person authorized to act on behalf of a deceased individual must be treated as a personal representative “with respect to protected health information relevant to such personal representation ”

Section 164.514 - Other requirements relating to uses and disclosures of protected health information

Defining de-identified information

Section 164.506 - Uses and disclosures to carry out treatment, payment, or health care operations

Allowing covered entities, such as health care providers, to "use or disclose protected health information for . . . payment"

Section 164.103 - Definitions

Defining covered entities as a health plan, a health care clearinghouse, or a health care provider who transmits any health information electronically in connection with covered transactions

Section 164.520 - Notice of privacy practices for protected health information