Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co.

Holding that an individual who uses a state replevin, garnishment, or attachment statute later declared to be unconstitutional acts under color of state law for purposes of § 1983

H. J. Inc. v. Northwestern Bell Telephone Co.

Holding that the continuity prong can be met by showing that related predicate offenses continued over a substantial period of time or posed a threat of continuing activity

Sedima, S.P.R.L. v. Imrex Co.

Holding that the fact that a statute can be "applied in situations not expressly anticipated by Congress does not demonstrate ambiguity. It demonstrates breadth."

Boyle v. United States

Holding that a RICO enterprise "need not have a hierarchical structure or a 'chain of command'; decisions may be made on an ad hoc basis and by any number of methods — by majority vote, consensus, a show of strength, etc."

United States v. Turkette

Holding that a RICO enterprise must exist "separate and apart" from the pattern of racketeering activity

Griffin v. Breckenridge

Holding that targeting plaintiffs because of their race falls within the core of § 1985

Reves v. Ernst Young

Holding that the defendant "participates" if he "directs" the pattern of racketeering activity

Assoc. of Cleveland v. Cleveland

Holding that, in order to survive a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b), a plaintiff's "factual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level on the assumption that all the allegations in the complaint are true."

Moon v. Harrison Piping Supply

Holding that district court should have declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over IIED claim because " claim implicate[d] complex aspects of Michigan law"

Section 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights

Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 1988 - Proceedings in vindication of civil rights

Finding that 28 U.S.C. § 1920 defines the term "costs" as used in Rule 54(d) and enumerates the expenses that a federal court may tax as a cost under the discretionary authority granted in Rule 54(d)

Section 1985 - Conspiracy to interfere with civil rights

Concerning conspiracies to obstruct justice or intimidate a party, witness, or juror

Section 1692 - Congressional findings and declaration of purpose

Finding that abusive debt-collection practices lead to "personal bankruptcies," "marital instability," "loss of jobs," and "invasions of individual privacy"

Section 1961 - Definitions

Defining what the terms “person” and “enterprise” include

Section 1692k - Civil liability

Holding debt collectors civilly liable for illicit debt collection practices

Section 13-80-102 - General limitation of actions - two years

Providing the general limitation for personal injury claims in Colorado is two years from when the action accrues

Section 38-38-100.3 - Definitions