Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Neitzke v. Williams

Holding that "an in forma pauperis pro se complaint may only be dismissed as frivolous ... when the petitioner cannot make any claim with a rational or arguable basis in law or in fact"

Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A.

Holding with regard to a 67-year-old plaintiff and a 59-year-old comparator that " difference of eight years between the age of the person discharged and his replacement . . . is not insignificant"

Conley v. Gibson

Holding that "a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief"

Johnson v. Railway Express Agency

Holding that § 1981 "affords a federal remedy against discrimination ... on the basis of race"

Scheid v. Fanny Farmer Candy Shops, Inc.

Holding complaint must plead facts in support of material elements of claim

Weiner v. Klais and Co., Inc.

Holding that a document incorporated by reference in a complaint can be introduced by a defendant if it is not attached by plaintiff

Lewis v. ACB Business Services, Inc.

Holding that a company whose principal purpose is to extend credit rather than collect debts is not a debt collector under the Fair Debt Collections Practices Act

Venture Associates v. Zenith Data Systems

Holding "minor, non-substantive changes" in response to offer prevented contract formation under Illinois law

Westlake v. Lucas

Holding that a complaint adequately stated a claim under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b) when jail officials were aware of a prisoner's ulcer, but did not allow a medical examination even after he had begun vomiting blood

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 1988 - Proceedings in vindication of civil rights

Finding that 28 U.S.C. § 1920 defines the term "costs" as used in Rule 54(d) and enumerates the expenses that a federal court may tax as a cost under the discretionary authority granted in Rule 54(d)

Section 28-3-104 - Personal tort actions; actions against certain professionals

Setting forth one-year statute of limitations for § 1983 claims

Section 1652 - State laws as rules of decision

Distinguishing between application of state law in the presence of federal statute, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure enacted pursuant to the Rules Enabling Act, and judge-made federal rule whose applicability is affected by the Rules of Decision Act

Section 29-20-205 - Removal of immunity for injury caused by negligent act or omission of employees - Exceptions - Immunity for year 2000 computer calculation errors

Removing immunity only for negligently caused injuries

Section 28-3-105 - [Effective 7/1/2024] Property tort actions - Statutory liabilities

Establishing three-year statute of limitations for "property tort" actions

Section 28-3-110 - Actions on public officers' and fiduciary bonds - Actions not otherwise covered - Affidavit of conviction and civil judgment

Providing a ten-year statute of limitations on certain actions, including actions on judgments and "[a]ll other cases not expressly provided for"

Section 67-1-903 - Action against collecting officer

Section 6-54-306 - Penalty for violation of home rule municipal ordinances