39 Cited authorities

  1. Ashcroft v. Iqbal

    556 U.S. 662 (2009)   Cited 252,459 times   279 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable
  2. Tellabs v. Makor Issues Rights

    551 U.S. 308 (2007)   Cited 9,115 times   104 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a strong inference is one that is "cogent and at least as compelling as any opposing inference"
  3. ATSI Communications, Inc. v. Shaar Fund, Ltd.

    493 F.3d 87 (2d Cir. 2007)   Cited 3,874 times   6 Legal Analyses
    Holding that deception occurs when "investors are misled to believe that prices at which they purchase and sell securities are determined by the natural interplay of supply and demand, not rigged by manipulators"
  4. Santa Fe Industries, Inc. v. Green

    430 U.S. 462 (1977)   Cited 1,065 times   6 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the Securities Exchange Act is limited in scope to its textual provisions and does not conflict with state law regarding corporate misconduct, particularly corporate mismanagement
  5. Novak v. Kasaks

    216 F.3d 300 (2d Cir. 2000)   Cited 1,597 times   9 Legal Analyses
    Holding section 78u-4(b) does not literally require pleading of all facts, so long as facts pleaded provide adequate basis for believing statements were false
  6. Rombach v. Chang

    355 F.3d 164 (2d Cir. 2004)   Cited 1,386 times   5 Legal Analyses
    Holding that complaint may establish scienter through facts showing that defendants "had both motive and opportunity to commit fraud"
  7. Eternity Global Master Fund Ltd. v. Morgan Guaranty Trust Co.

    375 F.3d 168 (2d Cir. 2004)   Cited 1,217 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that, to state a breach of contract claim, a plaintiff must allege, inter alia, "the existence of an agreement, . . . breach of contract by the defendant"
  8. Kramer v. Time Warner Inc.

    937 F.2d 767 (2d Cir. 1991)   Cited 1,988 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the Court may consider matters of which judicial notice may be taken under Federal Rule of Evidence 201
  9. DiLeo v. Ernst Young

    901 F.2d 624 (7th Cir. 1990)   Cited 1,591 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding accountants owe no duty "to search and sing"
  10. Kalnit v. Eichler

    264 F.3d 131 (2d Cir. 2001)   Cited 844 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that where a complaint “does not present facts indicating a clear duty to disclose” it does not establish “ strong evidence of conscious misbehavior or recklessness”
  11. Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 12   Cited 345,620 times   922 Legal Analyses
    Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
  12. Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 8   Cited 156,056 times   193 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
  13. Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 9   Cited 38,902 times   316 Legal Analyses
    Permitting "[m]alice, intent, knowledge, and other conditions of a person's mind [to] be alleged generally"
  14. Section 78u-4 - Private securities litigation

    15 U.S.C. § 78u-4   Cited 7,460 times   48 Legal Analyses
    Granting courts authority to permit discovery if necessary "to preserve evidence or to prevent undue prejudice to" a party
  15. Section 78u-5 - Application of safe harbor for forward-looking statements

    15 U.S.C. § 78u-5   Cited 1,258 times   21 Legal Analyses
    Noting that under the statutory safe harbor, a defendant may avoid liability for any forward-looking statement that is false or misleading if the statement is "identified as a forward-looking statement, and is accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statement"