Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Brady v. Maryland

Holding that the prosecution violates due process when it suppresses material, favorable evidence

New York State Blue Cross Plans v. Travelers Ins

Holding that a statute imposing a surcharge on "[p]atients served by commercial insurers providing in-patient hospital coverage on an expense-incurred basis, by self-insured funds directly reimbursing hospitals, and by certain workers' compensation, volunteer firefighters' benefit, ambulance workers' benefit, and no-fault motor vehicle insurance funds" . . . "cannot be said to make 'reference to' ERISA plans in any manner" because the surcharge applied "regardless of whether the commercial coverage or membership, respectively, [wa]s ultimately secured by an ERISA plan, private purchase, or otherwise"

Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc.

Holding extrinsic materials were not "integral" to the complaint because the complaint "d[id] not refer to the[m]" and "plaintiffs apparently did not rely on them in drafting it"

ATSI Communications, Inc. v. Shaar Fund, Ltd.

Holding that because "a plaintiff must show . . . a primary violation by the controlled person" in order to "establish a prima facie case of control[-]person liability," a plaintiff who "fails to allege any primary violation . . . cannot establish control[-]person liability"

Michigan v. Defillippo

Holding that probable cause existed for an arrest even though the ordinance at issue was later found unconstitutional

EBC I, Inc. v. Goldman, Sachs & Co.

Holding that underwriter of initial public offering had fiduciary duty to disclose to issuer its "compensation arrangements with its customers," whereby it was to receive percentage of profits generated in post-offering resales

Savino v. City of New York

Holding that, on summary judgment, the burden rests on the plaintiff trying to overcome the presumption of probable cause, and a plaintiff cannot do so by offering mere conjecture and surmise

Staehr v. Hartford Financial Serv

Holding that matters judicially noticed by a court "are not considered matters outside the pleadings"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 440.10 - Motion to vacate judgment

Granting the state trial court discretion to consider collateral post-conviction claims with respect to deprivation of counsel

Section 190.50 - Grand jury; who may call witnesses; defendant as witness

Describing the specific conditions under which the district attorney is obligated to notify the subject of a grand jury proceeding of the pending proceeding

Section 8106 - Actions subject to 3-year limitation

Specifying causes of action subject to 3-year statute of limitations as including "action to recover damages caused by an injury unaccompanied with force or resulting indirectly from the act of the defendant"

Section 20.20 - Criminal liability of corporations