Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Services
436 U.S. 658 (1978) Cited 67,600 times 15 Legal AnalysesHolding that "local government ... are 'persons'" for purposes of 42 U.S.C. § 1983
Hafer v. Melo
502 U.S. 21 (1991) Cited 7,468 times 2 Legal AnalysesHolding that state officials may be sued under § 1983 in their personal capacity for damages caused by actions taken by them in their official capacities
Busby v. City of Orlando
931 F.2d 764 (11th Cir. 1991) Cited 1,340 times 1 Legal AnalysesHolding that "relief granted under Title VII is against the employer, not individual employees whose actions constituted a violation of [Title VII]"
U.S. v. Uvalde Consol. Indep. Sch. Dist
625 F.2d 547 (5th Cir. 1980) Cited 75 timesStating that "the Fourteenth Amendment clearly extends to protection of any group of persons invidiously discriminated against by state law including groups identifiable by ethnic, national origin, or linguistic characteristics"
Connor v. Winter
519 F. Supp. 1337 (S.D. Miss. 1981) Cited 25 timesCiv. A. No. 3830(A). August 12, 1981. A. Spencer Gilbert, Jackson, Miss., Frank R. Parker, Washington, D.C., for plaintiffs. William Boyd, Peter Stockett, Asst. Attys. Gen., Jackson, Miss., for defendants. Before CHARLES CLARK, Circuit Judge, RUSSELL, Chief District Judge, and COX, District Judge. CHARLES CLARK, Circuit Judge: For more than fifteen years the efforts of these plaintiffs to reapportion the Mississippi Legislature in accordance with constitutional requirements have occupied the attention
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 348,503 times 930 Legal AnalysesGranting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Section 1973 - Transferred
42 U.S.C. § 1973 Cited 1,593 times 3 Legal AnalysesHolding that no change in voting takes effect until precleared