64 Cited authorities

Nat'l R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan
536 U.S. 101 (2002) Cited 10,266 times 31 Legal Analyses
Holding limitations period for hostile-work-environment claim runs from the last act composing the claim
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green
411 U.S. 792 (1973) Cited 52,187 times 95 Legal Analyses
Holding in employment discrimination case that statistical evidence of employer's general policy and practice may be relevant circumstantial evidence of discriminatory intent behind individual employment decision
Tex. Dept. of Cmty. Affairs v. Burdine
450 U.S. 248 (1981) Cited 19,945 times 9 Legal Analyses
Holding in the Title VII context that the plaintiff's prima facie case creates "a legally mandatory, rebuttable presumption" that shifts the burden of proof to the employer, and "if the employer is silent in the face of the presumption, the court must enter judgment for the plaintiff"
Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins
507 U.S. 604 (1993) Cited 1,905 times 14 Legal Analyses
Holding that age and years of service, pension status, or seniority are "analytically distinct" and an employer may rely on one while ignoring the other
Smith v. City of Jackson
544 U.S. 228 (2005) Cited 653 times 57 Legal Analyses
Holding that "when Congress uses the same language in two statutes having similar purposes, particularly when one is enacted shortly after the other, it is appropriate to presume that Congress intended that text to have the same meaning in both statutes."
Jeffreys v. City of New York
426 F.3d 549 (2d Cir. 2005) Cited 2,261 times 2 Legal Analyses
Holding that the nonmoving party may not rely on “conclusory allegations or unsubstantiated speculation”
Holcomb v. Iona Coll.
521 F.3d 130 (2d Cir. 2008) Cited 1,946 times 10 Legal Analyses
Holding directly that associational discrimination on account of race is unlawful under Title VII
Gorzynski v. Jetblue Airways Corp.
596 F.3d 93 (2d Cir. 2010) Cited 1,526 times 8 Legal Analyses
Holding that non-African American plaintiff had established a prima facie claim of Title VII retaliation stemming from "concerns she expressed on behalf of an African–American coworker"
Wright v. Universal Mar. Serv. Corp.
525 U.S. 70 (1998) Cited 537 times 5 Legal Analyses
Holding that requirement contained in CBA requiring parties to arbitrate employment discrimination claims must be clear and unmistakable, and that “less-than-explicit” waiver was insufficient
Chambers v. TRM Copy Centers Corp.
43 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 1994) Cited 1,949 times 1 Legal Analyses
Holding "[c]ircumstances contributing to a permissible inference of discriminatory intent may include [ inter alia] . . . more favorable treatment of employees not in the protected group . . ."
Rule 56 - Summary Judgment
Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 Cited 328,681 times 158 Legal Analyses
Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit
Section 2000e-5 - Enforcement provisions
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5 Cited 26,874 times 124 Legal Analyses
Holding charges must be made in writing, under oath, and contain all information as the Commission requires
Section 12101 - Findings and purpose
42 U.S.C. § 12101 Cited 23,314 times 65 Legal Analyses
Finding a pattern of " unnecessary discrimination and prejudice" that "costs the United States billions of dollars in unnecessary expenses resulting from dependency and nonproductivity"
Section 621 - Congressional statement of findings and purpose
29 U.S.C. § 621 Cited 17,456 times 21 Legal Analyses
Finding that "older workers find themselves disadvantaged in their efforts to retain employment, and especially to regain employment when displaced from jobs"
Rule 30 - Depositions by Oral Examination
Fed. R. Civ. P. 30 Cited 16,075 times 126 Legal Analyses
Upholding a district court's decision not to consider the plaintiff's deposition errata sheets in opposition to a motion for summary judgment when they were untimely
Section 623 - Prohibition of age discrimination
29 U.S.C. § 623 Cited 10,078 times 51 Legal Analyses
Holding that under the ADEA, it is unlawful to discriminate against individuals who are at least forty years of age
Section 12111 - Definitions
42 U.S.C. § 12111 Cited 8,026 times 60 Legal Analyses
Adopting the definition of "person" in 42 U.S.C. § 2000e for purposes of Title I of the ADA
Section 1630.9 - Not making reasonable accommodation
29 C.F.R. § 1630.9 Cited 464 times 6 Legal Analyses
Providing that if an “individual rejects a reasonable accommodation . . . and cannot, as a result of that rejection, perform the essential functions of the position, the individual will not be considered qualified”

Friedmann v. Raymour Furniture Co., Inc. et al

64 Cited authorities

Holding limitations period for hostile-work-environment claim runs from the last act composing the claim

Holding in employment discrimination case that statistical evidence of employer's general policy and practice may be relevant circumstantial evidence of discriminatory intent behind individual employment decision

Holding in the Title VII context that the plaintiff's prima facie case creates "a legally mandatory, rebuttable presumption" that shifts the burden of proof to the employer, and "if the employer is silent in the face of the presumption, the court must enter judgment for the plaintiff"

Holding that age and years of service, pension status, or seniority are "analytically distinct" and an employer may rely on one while ignoring the other

Holding that "when Congress uses the same language in two statutes having similar purposes, particularly when one is enacted shortly after the other, it is appropriate to presume that Congress intended that text to have the same meaning in both statutes."

Holding that the nonmoving party may not rely on “conclusory allegations or unsubstantiated speculation”

Holding directly that associational discrimination on account of race is unlawful under Title VII

Holding that non-African American plaintiff had established a prima facie claim of Title VII retaliation stemming from "concerns she expressed on behalf of an African–American coworker"

Holding that requirement contained in CBA requiring parties to arbitrate employment discrimination claims must be clear and unmistakable, and that “less-than-explicit” waiver was insufficient

Holding "[c]ircumstances contributing to a permissible inference of discriminatory intent may include [ inter alia] . . . more favorable treatment of employees not in the protected group . . ."

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Holding charges must be made in writing, under oath, and contain all information as the Commission requires

Finding a pattern of " unnecessary discrimination and prejudice" that "costs the United States billions of dollars in unnecessary expenses resulting from dependency and nonproductivity"

Finding that "older workers find themselves disadvantaged in their efforts to retain employment, and especially to regain employment when displaced from jobs"

Upholding a district court's decision not to consider the plaintiff's deposition errata sheets in opposition to a motion for summary judgment when they were untimely

Holding that under the ADEA, it is unlawful to discriminate against individuals who are at least forty years of age

Adopting the definition of "person" in 42 U.S.C. § 2000e for purposes of Title I of the ADA

Providing that if an “individual rejects a reasonable accommodation . . . and cannot, as a result of that rejection, perform the essential functions of the position, the individual will not be considered qualified”