550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 266,542 times 365 Legal Analyses
Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
Holding that the district court erred in granting a motion to dismiss "by relying on extrinsic evidence and by taking judicial notice of disputed matters of fact to support its ruling"
Holding that a court may "'take judicial notice of matters of public record outside the pleadings' and consider them for purposes of the motion to dismiss."
Fed. R. Evid. 201 Cited 28,274 times 26 Legal Analyses
Holding "[n]ormally, in deciding a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, courts must limit their inquiry to the facts stated in the complaint and the documents either attached to or incorporated in the complaint. However, courts may also consider matters of which they may take judicial notice."
15 U.S.C. § 1692 Cited 14,998 times 139 Legal Analyses
Finding that abusive debt-collection practices lead to "personal bankruptcies," "marital instability," "loss of jobs," and "invasions of individual privacy"