458 F.3d 150 (2d Cir. 2006) Cited 1,338 times
Holding that courts may consider extrinsic documents when deciding a motion to dismiss where “the incorporated material is a contract or other legal document containing obligations upon which the plaintiff's complaint stands or falls, but which for some reason-usually because the document, read in its entirety would undermine the legitimacy of the plaintiff's claim-was not attached to the complaint”