Reiter v. Cooper

Holding district court has discretion “either to retain jurisdiction or ... to dismiss the case”

Provident Bank v. Patterson

Holding that although a "defendant may properly wish to avoid multiple litigation, or inconsistent relief," if "[a]fter trial ... the defendant has failed to assert this interest, it is quite proper to consider it foreclosed"

Owens-Illinois, Inc. v. Meade

Holding that party faces "conflicting legal obligations" and is necessary to an action to compel arbitration where failure to join creates a "high potential for inconsistent judgments"

Nat'l Union Fire v. Rite Aid

Holding that although both the named subsidiary and the unnamed parent had an identical interest in the subsidiary being covered as a beneficiary of a liability policy, the subsidiary could not represent the parent's interest regarding the impact of the court's decision on future cases concerning coverage

Barr Rubber Products Co. v. Sun Rubber Co.

Finding that denying permissive joinder after more than four years of litigation and six thousand pages of deposition testimony was within the district court's discretion

Rosengarten v. Buckley

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 1332 - Diversity of citizenship; amount in controversy; costs

Holding district court has jurisdiction over action between diverse citizens "where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000"

Section 1367 - Supplemental jurisdiction

Holding that in civil actions proceeding in federal court based solely on diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332, the district court "shall not have supplemental jurisdiction" over "claims by plaintiffs against persons made parties under Rule . . . 24" or "over claims by persons . . seeking to intervene as plaintiffs under Rule 24," if "exercising supplemental jurisdiction over such claims would be inconsistent with the jurisdictional requirements of section 1332"

Rule 19 - Required Joinder of Parties

Holding a person must be joined if disposing the action in the person's absence may leave an existing party subject to a "substantial" risk of incurring inconsistent obligations

Section 1333 - Admiralty, maritime and prize cases

Granting federal district courts original jurisdiction over "[a]ny civil case of admiralty or maritime jurisdiction"