Central Bank of Denver v. First I.S. Bk. of Denver

Holding that Section 10(b)’s private right of action does not include suits against aiders and abettors

Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. Darden

Holding that where the statute does not helpfully define the term "employee," courts should apply its established meaning

Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid

Holding that "In determining whether a hired party is an employee under the general common law of agency, we consider the hiring party's right to control the manner and means by which the product is accomplished" and listing several factors relevant to this inquiry

Forrest v. Jewish Guild

Holding that the McDonnell Douglas framework applies to discriminatory discharge claims brought pursuant to the NYSHRL

Clackamas Gastroenterology Assocs., P.C. v. Wells

Holding that whether an organization can hire or fire or set the rules and regulations of the individual's work is relevant to whether one is an employee

Parker v. Columbia Pictures Industries

Holding that "summary judgment may be appropriate under Cleveland where the SSDI and ADA claims ‘involve directly conflicting statements about purely factual matters’ "

Kaufman v. Cohen

Holding that misrepresentations by one business partner to other partners about the value of a business interest was "essential" to completing the underlying misappropriation of a business opportunity

York v. Association of Bar of City of New York

Holding that a volunteer for the Association of the Bar of the City of New York was not an employee under Title VII

Nat'l Labor Relations Bd. v. Amax Coal Co.

Holding that a management-appointed trustee to a multiemployer pension plan could not be considered a management representative

Zheng v. Liberty Apparel Co. Inc.

Holding district court erred in applying only four factors regarding formal control

Section 296 - [Effective 11/16/2024] Unlawful discriminatory practices

Making it "an unlawful discriminatory practice [under state law] for any person to aid, abet, incite, compel or coerce the doing of any of the acts forbidden under this article, or to attempt to do so"

Section 168 - Short title

In Correction Law § 168- l, which establishes the Board of Examiners of Sex Offenders (hereinafter the Board), the Legislature provided that "[t]he Board shall develop guidelines and procedures to assess the risk of a repeat offense," which "shall be based upon, but not limited to, the following:... (f) the sex offender's response to treatment" (Correction Law § 168- 1 [f]).

Section 14501 - Federal authority over intrastate transportation

Granting a limited exemption to a state or its political subdivisions from the federally preempted regulation of the towing industry by permitting a state or its political subdivisions to regulate nonconsent tow fees

Section 292 - Definitions

Defining "disability" to include "a condition regarded by others as such an impairment"

Section 15 - Power of governor to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons

Section 752 - Unfair discrimination against persons previously convicted of one or more criminal offenses prohibited

Prohibiting the denial of employment unless there is a “direct relationship” to the offense of conviction or “the employment would involve an unreasonable risk to property or to the safety or welfare of specific individuals or the general public”

Section 168-L - Board of examiners of sex offenders

Basing assessment of risk level on, among other things, "criminal history factors indicative of high risk of repeat offense," "conditions of release that minimize risk [of] re-offense," "physical conditions that minimize risk of re-offense," and "whether psychological or psychiatric profiles indicate a risk of recidivism"

Section 753 - Factors to be considered concerning a previous criminal conviction; presumption

Prohibiting unfair discrimination of individuals with previous convictions

Section 291 - Equality of opportunity a civil right

Section 750 - Definitions