Ricci v. DeStefano

Holding that a city's making promotion decisions based on race would violate Title VII without a "valid defense"

Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins

Holding that an employer discriminated on the basis of sex when he "act[ed] on the basis of a belief that a woman cannot be aggressive, or that she must not be"

Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co.

Holding that workers may bring Title VII discrimination claims in federal court notwithstanding an arbitration provision in a CBA

Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody

Holding that an employment policy cannot stand if another policy, "without a similarly undesirable racial effect, would also serve the employer's legitimate interest"

McKennon v. Nashville Banner Publ'g Co.

Holding that, under the ADEA, neither reinstatement nor front pay is appropriate when, subsequent to the statutory violation, the plaintiff's employment has been terminated for legitimate reasons

Griggs v. Duke Power Co.

Holding that § 703(h) does not protect use of testing requirements with a disparate impact on racial minorities where the tests were not shown to be related to job performance

Nat'l Labor Relations Bd. v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.

Holding that FOIA does not compel agencies to write or create material to explain disclosed documents

Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio

Holding causation was not demonstrated because plaintiffs had not disproved the possibility that the overrepresentation of minority workers in lower-paying cannery positions was caused by the company's contract with a predominantly non-White labor union

Castaneda v. Partida

Holding that the respondent's showing "that the population of the county was 79.1% Mexican-American, but that, over an 11-year period, only 39% of the persons summoned for grand jury service were Mexican-American" established a prima facie case of discrimination against Mexican-Americans in the county's grand jury selection process

Dothard v. Rawlinson

Holding impermissible minimum statutory height and weight requirements for correctional counselors

Rule 56 - Summary Judgment

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Rule 26 - Duty to Disclose; General Provisions Governing Discovery

Adopting Fed.R.Civ.P. 37

Section 2000e-2 - Unlawful employment practices

Adopting case law prior to June 4, 1989, “with respect to the concept of ‘alternative employment practice’ ”

Section 2000e-5 - Enforcement provisions

Holding charges must be made in writing, under oath, and contain all information as the Commission requires

Rule 34 - Producing Documents, Electronically Stored Information, and Tangible Things, or Entering onto Land, for Inspection and Other Purposes

Finding that the rules related to electronic discovery were "not meant to create a routine right of direct access to a party's electronic information system, although such access may be justified in some circumstances."

Rule 33 - Interrogatories to Parties

Adopting Rule 30(b)

Rule 36 - Requests for Admission

Noting that facts admitted pursuant to a Rule 36 discovery request are "conclusively established unless the court, on motion, permits the admission to be withdrawn or amended"

Rule 609 - Impeachment by Evidence of a Criminal Conviction

Adopting a ten-year time limit, absent unusual circumstances, on the use of prior convictions for impeachment purposes

Rule 408 - Compromise Offers and Negotiations

Holding that premature deliberations constituted an internal jury influence subject to the post-verdict restrictions of Rule 606(b)

Section 1981a - Damages in cases of intentional discrimination in employment

Finding that "additional remedies under Federal law are needed to deter unlawful harassment and intentional discrimination in the workplace"

Section 1607.4 - Information on impact

Directing federal agencies to regard a "selection rate" of lower than 80 percent as evidence of disparate impact employment discrimination

Section 1606.1 - Definition of national origin discrimination

Defining "national origin discrimination" as including "denial of equal employment opportunity because of an individual's, or his or her ancestor's, place of origin; or because an individual has the physical, cultural or linguistic characteristics of a national origin group"

Section 1607.5 - General standards for validity studies

Explaining totality of circumstances should be considered in determining whether a validation study is outdated

Section 1607.1 - Statement of purpose

Section 1607.14 - Technical standards for validity studies

Stating that, “[w]henever it is feasible, appropriate statistical estimates should be made of the reliability of the selection procedure” that has been content validated

Section 1607.3 - Discrimination defined: Relationship between use of selection procedures and discrimination

Section 1607.9 - No assumption of validity

Prohibiting employer from using promotional examination based on “nonempirical or anecdotal accounts of selection practices or selection outcomes”

Section 1607.15 - Documentation of impact and validity evidence

Pertaining to content validity