Celotex Corp. v. Catrett

Holding that a movant's summary judgment motion should be granted "against a [nonmovant] who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial"

Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio

Holding that, on summary judgment, antitrust plaintiffs "must show that the inference of conspiracy is reasonable in light of the competing inferences of independent action or collusive action that could not have harmed" them

Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Res. Def. Council

Holding that courts "must give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress"

Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation

Holding the district court did not abuse its discretion in declining to admit affidavits in support of standing when filed after summary judgment briefing and hearing were complete

Middlesex County Sewerage Authority v. National Sea Clammers Ass'n

Holding that displacement of a federal common law injunctive action necessarily implies that a damages action brought for the same claim is also displaced

Gwaltney v. Chesapeake Bay Foundation

Holding that jurisdiction is established "when the citizen-plaintiffs make a good-faith allegation of continuous or intermittent violation"

Environmental Defense Ctr., Inc. v. U.S.E.P.A.

Holding that the compelled disclosure of educational materials about the hazards of stormwater discharges and the proper disposal of waste “involve[d] no compelled recitation of a message and no affirmation of belief” because “[i]nforming the public about safe toxin disposal is non-ideological,” and nothing prohibited a regulated entity “from stating its own views about the proper means of managing toxic materials”

Northwest Envinl. Advocates v. U.S.

Holding that “ 402 allows the [EPA] to issue a permit, but it does not provide that the [EPA] may entirely exempt certain categories of discharges from the permitting requirement”—a conclusion that “EPA [did] not seriously contest”

Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. United States Environmental Protection Agency

Holding arbitrary and capricious EPA rule exempting various types of light industry and construction sites of less than five acres from permitting requirements

Waterkeeper Alliance, Inc. v. U.S.E.P.A

Holding manure spread across fields is a point source

Section 706 - Scope of review

Granting courts jurisdiction to "compel agency action unlawfully held or unreasonably delayed"

Section 1251 - Congressional declaration of goals and policy

Designating the Administrator of the EPA to "administer this chapter"

Section 1365 - Citizen suits

Granting Administrator right to intervene in citizen suits

Section 1311 - Effluent limitations

Imposing general prohibition on "the discharge of any pollutant by any person"

Section 1342 - National pollutant discharge elimination system

Granting EPA the authority to require a permit for such discharges

Section 1319 - Enforcement

Providing judicial review to "[a]ny person against whom a civil penalty is assessed under this subsection or who commented on the proposed assessment of such penalty"

Section 1369 - Administrative procedure and judicial review

Vesting jurisdiction in the Courts of Appeals to review the EPA’s action "in making any determination as to a State permit program submitted under section 1342(b) of [Title 33] ...."

Section 52.21 - Prevention of significant deterioration of air quality

Providing minimum federal standards upon plan disapproval

Section 122.26 - Storm water discharges (applicable to State NPDES programs, see Section 123.25)

Requiring permits for discharges from oil and gas activities that contribute to a violation of a water quality standard

Section 122.21 - Application for a permit (applicable to State programs, see Section 123.25)