§Why CasetextPricing

Ecological Rights Foundation v. Pacific Gas and Electric Company

Memorandum in Opposition To 15 Motion to Dismiss

28 Cited authorities

  1. Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Res. Def. Council

    467 U.S. 837 (1984)   Cited 16,042 times   505 Legal Analyses
    Holding that courts "must give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress"

  2. Conley v. Gibson

    355 U.S. 41 (1957)   Cited 58,655 times   25 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief"

  3. Navarro v. Block

    250 F.3d 729 (9th Cir. 2001)   Cited 5,591 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that dismissal is proper where there is "an absence of sufficient facts alleged to support a cognizable legal theory"

  4. Weinberger v. Romero-Barcelo

    456 U.S. 305 (1982)   Cited 1,775 times   4 Legal Analyses
    Holding that Federal Water Pollution Control Act did not mandate injunctions against its violation

  5. Cahill v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co.

    80 F.3d 336 (9th Cir. 1996)   Cited 3,310 times
    Holding that allegations of material fact are taken as true and construed in the light most favorable to plaintiff

  6. Van Buskirk v. Cable News Network, Inc.

    284 F.3d 977 (9th Cir. 2002)   Cited 984 times
    Holding that the Ninth Circuit's "incorporation by reference" rule allows a court to look beyond the face of the complaint without converting a Rule 12(b) motion to dismiss to a motion for summary judgment

  7. Good Samaritan Hosp. v. Shalala

    508 U.S. 402 (1993)   Cited 355 times
    Holding that "the consistency of an agency's position is a factor in assessing the weight that position is due" and that "agency interpretation of a relevant provision which conflicts with the agency's earlier interpretation is entitled to considerably less deference than a consistently held agency view."

  8. Environmental Protection Agency v. California ex rel. State Water Resources Control Board

    426 U.S. 200 (1976)   Cited 324 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Describing NPDES system

  9. Sierra Club, Lone Star Chap. v. Cedar Point Oil

    73 F.3d 546 (5th Cir. 1996)   Cited 499 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding courts may determine in citizen suits whether discharged substance is pollutant even if EPA has not issued NPDES permit

  10. Chang v. Chen

    80 F.3d 1293 (9th Cir. 1996)   Cited 369 times
    Holding that, to constitute an enterprise under RICO, the enterprise's structure must provide "some mechanism for controlling and directing the affairs of the group on an ongoing, rather than an ad hoc, basis"

  11. Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 12   Cited 348,503 times   930 Legal Analyses
    Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

  12. Section 1251 - Congressional declaration of goals and policy

    33 U.S.C. § 1251   Cited 3,552 times   62 Legal Analyses
    Designating the Administrator of the EPA to "administer this chapter"

  13. Section 1365 - Citizen suits

    33 U.S.C. § 1365   Cited 2,205 times   28 Legal Analyses
    Granting Administrator right to intervene in citizen suits

  14. Section 1311 - Effluent limitations

    33 U.S.C. § 1311   Cited 1,977 times   48 Legal Analyses
    Imposing general prohibition on "the discharge of any pollutant by any person"

  15. Section 1342 - National pollutant discharge elimination system

    33 U.S.C. § 1342   Cited 1,483 times   43 Legal Analyses
    Granting EPA the authority to require a permit for such discharges

  16. Section 1362 - Definitions

    33 U.S.C. § 1362   Cited 1,167 times   102 Legal Analyses
    Defining “pollutant” to include “rock”

  17. Section 122.2 - Definitions

    40 C.F.R. § 122.2   Cited 192 times   6 Legal Analyses
    Defining a person as, among other things, a "State or Federal agency"

  18. Section 122.26 - Storm water discharges (applicable to State NPDES programs, see Section 123.25)

    40 C.F.R. § 122.26   Cited 188 times   40 Legal Analyses
    Requiring permits for discharges from oil and gas activities that contribute to a violation of a water quality standard