Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (2009) Cited 266,691 times 281 Legal Analyses
Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 279,746 times 369 Legal Analyses
Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
Centillion Data Syst. v. Qwest Comm
631 F.3d 1279 (Fed. Cir. 2011) Cited 123 times 10 Legal Analyses
Holding that software manufacturer did not infringe patent comprising "personal computer data processing means" because "[t]he customer, not Qwest, complete[d] the system by providing the 'personal data processing means' and installing the client software"
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 361,353 times 960 Legal Analyses
Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading
Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 Cited 163,831 times 197 Legal Analyses
Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."