Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (2009) Cited 271,409 times 281 Legal AnalysesHolding that courts are not required "to credit a complaint's conclusory statements without reference to its factual context"
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 284,187 times 370 Legal AnalysesHolding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
Centillion Data Syst. v. Qwest Comm
631 F.3d 1279 (Fed. Cir. 2011) Cited 127 times 12 Legal AnalysesHolding that software manufacturer did not infringe patent comprising "personal computer data processing means" because "[t]he customer, not Qwest, complete[d] the system by providing the 'personal data processing means' and installing the client software"
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 366,511 times 968 Legal AnalysesGranting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading
Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 Cited 166,425 times 198 Legal AnalysesHolding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."