33 Cited authorities

  1. Ashcroft v. Iqbal

    556 U.S. 662 (2009)   Cited 267,684 times   281 Legal Analyses
    Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint
  2. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 280,676 times   369 Legal Analyses
    Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
  3. Kentucky v. Graham

    473 U.S. 159 (1985)   Cited 20,058 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "an official-capacity suit is, in all respects other than name, to be treated as a suit against the entity," and that "a plaintiff seeking to recover on a damages judgment in an official-capacity suit must look to the government entity itself"
  4. Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc.

    528 U.S. 167 (2000)   Cited 7,486 times   25 Legal Analyses
    Holding that plaintiffs who curtailed their recreational activities on a river due to reasonable concerns about the effect of pollutant discharges into that river had standing
  5. Alexander v. Sandoval

    532 U.S. 275 (2001)   Cited 2,755 times   35 Legal Analyses
    Holding that it is "beyond dispute" that banning discrimination " ‘on the ground of race’ " "prohibits only intentional discrimination"
  6. Hunt v. Washington Apple Advertising Comm'n

    432 U.S. 333 (1977)   Cited 4,591 times   10 Legal Analyses
    Holding that North Carolina's statute banning state grading of apples was discriminatory even though six other states also had no state grading
  7. Ramming v. U.S.

    281 F.3d 158 (5th Cir. 2001)   Cited 3,631 times
    Holding that a court ruling on a Rule 12(b) motion may evaluate “ the complaint alone, the complaint supplemented by undisputed facts evidenced in the record, or the complaint supplemented by undisputed facts plus the court's resolution of disputed facts”
  8. Philadelphia v. New Jersey

    437 U.S. 617 (1978)   Cited 702 times   9 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "where simple economic protectionism is effected by state legislation, a virtually per se rule of invalidity has been erected"
  9. Attorney General of N.Y. v. Soto-Lopez

    476 U.S. 898 (1986)   Cited 315 times
    Holding unconstitutional a preference in state civil service employment opportunities for veterans who were residents when they entered military service
  10. Alliance, Environment v. Pyramid Crossgates

    436 F.3d 82 (2d Cir. 2006)   Cited 343 times
    Holding that district court erred in failing to resolve dispute concerning the plaintiffs' Article III standing before ruling that salt was not a pollutant within the meaning of the Clean Water Act
  11. Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 12   Cited 362,493 times   962 Legal Analyses
    Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
  12. Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 8   Cited 164,394 times   197 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
  13. Section 12-301 - Limitation of time for bringing actions

    D.C. Code § 12-301   Cited 918 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Imposing a three-year statute of limitations on actions "for the recovery of personal property"
  14. Section 50-1501.02 - Motor vehicles and trailers; expiration; certificates and tags; sale or transfer; Mayor to issue rules

    D.C. Code § 50-1501.02   Cited 3 times
    Providing that a vehicle may be registered in the District of Columbia if its owner either is domiciled here or if " The owner is a partnership, corporation, association, or government entity; The vehicle is housed in the District of Columbia; The vehicle is provided to an employee of the owner for the employee's use; The employee is domiciled in the District of Columbia; and The owner submits an affidavit affirming compliance with this paragraph and agreeing that the address on the registration certificate and in the Department of Motor Vehicles' records shall be the address of the operator and that the employee's address shall be considered the owner's address for the purpose of sending any notices required by any statute or regulation for that vehicle."
  15. Section 1-301.81 - Duties of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia

    D.C. Code § 1-301.81   Cited 3 times
    Granting the D.C. Attorney General "the power to intervene in legal proceedings on behalf of public interest"