Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

List v. Driehaus

Holding that injury was imminent because plaintiffs demonstrated that enforcement actions took place 20 to 80 times each year and thus "are not a rare occurrence"

Davis v. Monroe County Bd. of Educ.

Holding that agencies' unambiguous regulations satisfy the notice requirements under the spending power

Wash. State Grange v. Wa. State Repub. Party

Holding that courts should neither "anticipate a question of constitutional law in advance of the necessity of deciding it" nor "formulate a rule of constitutional law broader than is required by the precise facts to which it is to be applied"

Chavez v. Martinez

Holding that a failure to read Miranda warnings did not violate the respondent's constitutional rights

U.S. v. Morrison

Holding that Congress exceeded its interstate commerce powers in enacting a civil remedy for victims of gender-motivated violence

Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner

Holding that plaintiffs subject to a regulation had standing to challenge it even though the Attorney General had yet to "authorize criminal and seizure actions for violations of the statute"

Heckler v. Chaney

Holding that a statute did not provide meaningful standards because it did not "speak to the criteria which shall be used by the agency for investigating possible violations of the [statute]"

Cannon v. University of Chicago

Holding that Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 created a private right of action for victims of education discrimination

Heckler v. Ringer

Holding that plaintiffs' claims were not wholly collateral to a statutory scheme of administrative and judicial review of Medicare payment decisions, where plaintiffs' constitutional and statutory challenge to an agency's procedure for reaching payment decisions was "at bottom" an attempt to reverse the agency's decision to deny payment

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 8 - Powers of Congress

Granting Congress the power to “provide for the common Defence,” to “regulate Commerce with foreign Nations,” and to “establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization”

Section 1092 - Institutional and financial assistance information for students

Requiring funding recipients to collect statistics on crimes motivated by the victim's "gender, ... sexual orientation"

Section 100.7 - Conduct of investigations

Providing simply for the filing of a written complaint within 180 days of alleged discrimination

Section 80.7 - Conduct of investigations