74 Cited authorities

  1. Ashcroft v. Iqbal

    556 U.S. 662 (2009)   Cited 260,142 times   281 Legal Analyses
    Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint
  2. Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc.

    282 F.3d 147 (2d Cir. 2002)   Cited 6,388 times   5 Legal Analyses
    Holding extrinsic materials were not "integral" to the complaint because the complaint "d[id] not refer to the[m]" and "plaintiffs apparently did not rely on them in drafting it"
  3. Baxter v. Palmigiano

    425 U.S. 308 (1976)   Cited 2,629 times   8 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a party’s refusal to testify in response to probative evidence offered against it in a civil action permits an adverse inference
  4. Goshen v. Mut. Life Ins. Co. of New York

    98 N.Y.2d 314 (N.Y. 2002)   Cited 3,440 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that disclaimers "do not establish a defense as a matter of law"
  5. Lerner v. Fleet Bank, N.A.

    459 F.3d 273 (2d Cir. 2006)   Cited 1,212 times   4 Legal Analyses
    Holding that an aiding and abetting claim under New York law requires "an allegation that such defendant had actual knowledge of the breach of duty"
  6. Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co.

    621 F.3d 111 (2d Cir. 2010)   Cited 1,032 times   21 Legal Analyses
    Holding ATS liability does not extend to corporate defendants
  7. Shields v. Citytrust Bancorp, Inc.

    25 F.3d 1124 (2d Cir. 1994)   Cited 1,842 times   5 Legal Analyses
    Holding that scienter cannot be "base[d] . . . on speculation and conclusory allegations"
  8. Kaufman v. Cohen

    307 A.D.2d 113 (N.Y. App. Div. 2003)   Cited 1,180 times   4 Legal Analyses
    Holding that misrepresentations by one business partner to other partners about the value of a business interest was "essential" to completing the underlying misappropriation of a business opportunity
  9. Pension Fund v. Marine Bank

    85 N.Y.2d 20 (N.Y. 1995)   Cited 1,529 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the definition of deceptive acts and practices under GBL § 349 includes "representations or omissions"
  10. Mills v. Polar Molecular Corp.

    12 F.3d 1170 (2d Cir. 1993)   Cited 1,554 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that fraudulent intent could not be inferred from the defendant entering multiple contracts with a plaintiff and not performing on any of them since "[c]ontractual breach, in and of itself, does not bespeak fraud"
  11. Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 12   Cited 354,229 times   943 Legal Analyses
    Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
  12. Section 362 - Automatic stay

    11 U.S.C. § 362   Cited 29,729 times   177 Legal Analyses
    Concluding that cause exists to lift the stay because no bankruptcy purpose would be served by keeping the stay in place
  13. Rule 1 - Scope and Purpose

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 1   Cited 15,441 times   49 Legal Analyses
    Recognizing the federal rules of civil procedure should be employed to promote the "just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding"
  14. Section 349 - Deceptive acts and practices unlawful

    N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law § 349   Cited 4,908 times   108 Legal Analyses
    Granting "any person who has been injured by reason of any violation of this section" the right to "bring an action in his own name"
  15. Section 25 - Private rights of action

    7 U.S.C. § 25   Cited 280 times   4 Legal Analyses
    Granting federal courts exclusive jurisdiction over private claims brought under the CEA
  16. Section 30.7 - Treatment of foreign futures or foreign options secured amount

    17 C.F.R. § 30.7   Cited 12 times

    (a)General. Except as provided in this section, a futures commission merchant must at all times maintain in a separate account or accounts money, securities and property in an amount at least sufficient to cover or satisfy all of its obligations to 30.7 customers denominated as the foreign futures or foreign options secured amount. In computing the foreign futures or foreign options secured amount, a futures commission merchant may offset any net deficit in a particular 30.7 customer's account against

  17. Section 1.25 - Investment of customer funds

    17 C.F.R. § 1.25   Cited 10 times   2 Legal Analyses

    (a)Permitted investments. (1) Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this section, a futures commission merchant or a derivatives clearing organization may invest customer money in the following instruments (permitted investments): (i) Obligations of the United States and obligations fully guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States (U.S. government securities); (ii) General obligations of any State or of any political subdivision thereof (municipal securities); (iii) Obligations