Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that courts are not required "to credit a complaint's conclusory statements without reference to its factual context"

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Sprewell v. Golden State Warriors

Holding that unwarranted inferences are insufficient to defeat a motion to dismiss

Western Min. Council v. Watt

Holding the Court should not "assume the truth of legal conclusions merely because they are cast in the form of factual allegations"

Pareto v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.

Holding that the FDIC accedes to the rights of the failed bank's shareholders under § 1821(d)

Mir v. Little Co. of Mary Hospital

Holding that a court may "'take judicial notice of matters of public record outside the pleadings' and consider them for purposes of the motion to dismiss."

In re Verifone Secs. Litig.

Holding that the "known trends or uncertainties" language of Item 303 did not include forecasts

Kourtis v. Cameron

Holding that a copyright owner and the author were not in privity because the prior contractual relationship did "not satisfy the adequacy-of-representation requirement"

Alperin v. Vatican Bank

Holding that claim that defendants committed war crimes by assisting Ustasha Regime in preserving its Treasury was non-justiciable because it would require a court to review the foreign policy judgment of a coordinate political branch

Morrow v. Bank of Am., N.A.

Finding genuine issues of material fact existed to support detrimental reliance and claims of actual and constructive fraud where evidence suggested the lender represented to, and advised, the borrower to intentionally miss a monthly payment to invoke the loan modification process, that it had actually approved the borrower for a modification, to make reduced monthly payments, to ignore default notices from the lender, and to ignore the borrower's obligation to cure the default, thereby causing the borrower's default, causing the amount the borrower owed to cure the default to grow, and causing foreclosure to occur

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 28-1-211 - Implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing

Codifying common-law principle

Section 30-14-101 - Short title