Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Amchem Prods., Inc. v. Windsor

Holding that courts are "bound to enforce" Rule 23's certification requirements, even where it means decertifying a class after they had reached a settlement agreement and submitted it to the court for approval

Los Angeles v. Lyons

Holding there is no justiciable controversy where plaintiff had once been subjected to a chokehold

Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.

Holding that an express warranty was not a "requirement ... imposed under State law" because the obligation was imposed by the warrantor

Davis v. Fed. Election Comm'n

Holding that there was a reasonable expectation that a congressional candidate would be subject to a federal campaign finance law in the future when he "made a public statement expressing his intent" to run for the seat in the future

Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc.

Holding that a State’s “‘requirements’” “includ[e] [the state’s] common-law duties”

O'Shea v. Littleton

Holding that "[p]ast exposure to illegal conduct does not in itself show a present case or controversy regarding injunctive relief ... if unaccompanied by any continuing, present adverse effects"

Pliva, Inc. v. Mensing

Holding that state tort law that required generic drug manufacturers to provide adequate warning labels was preempted where federal law required manufacturers to use the same labels as their brand-name counterparts

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 2072 - Rules of procedure and evidence; power to prescribe

Granting the Supreme Court, not the parties, authority to "prescribe general rules of practice and procedure" for federal district court cases

Section 321 - Definitions; generally

Defining “new drug”

Section 501.212 - Application

Disallowing " claim for personal injury or death or a claim to property other than the property that is the subject of the consumer transaction."

Section 379r - National uniformity for nonprescription drugs

Labeling requirements for nonprescription drugs

Section 10.25 - Initiation of administrative proceedings

Including forms under 21 C.F.R. § 314.50 among the forms that constitute a "petition"

Section 330.10 - Procedures for classifying OTC drugs as generally recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded, and for establishing monographs

Subjecting "[a]ny product which fails to conform to an applicable monograph" to regulatory action

Section 201.327 - Over-the-counter sunscreen drug products; required labeling based on effectiveness testing