92 Cited authorities

  1. Ashcroft v. Iqbal

    556 U.S. 662 (2009)   Cited 263,477 times   281 Legal Analyses
    Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint
  2. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 276,716 times   369 Legal Analyses
    Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
  3. Erickson v. Pardus

    551 U.S. 89 (2007)   Cited 64,333 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a complaint must "give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests"
  4. Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

    504 U.S. 555 (1992)   Cited 28,896 times   142 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"
  5. Nat'l R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan

    536 U.S. 101 (2002)   Cited 10,552 times   31 Legal Analyses
    Holding limitations period for hostile-work-environment claim runs from the last act composing the claim
  6. Lexmark Int'l, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.

    572 U.S. 118 (2014)   Cited 2,981 times   73 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the respondent could not "obtain relief" under § 1125 "without evidence of injury proximately caused by [the petitioner's] alleged misrepresentations"
  7. Warth v. Seldin

    422 U.S. 490 (1975)   Cited 12,142 times   15 Legal Analyses
    Holding that Article III requires plaintiffs "to establish that, in fact, the asserted injury was the consequence of the defendants' actions"
  8. Teamsters v. United States

    431 U.S. 324 (1977)   Cited 4,638 times   27 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a plaintiff who did not apply for a position can still make prima facie showing if he can demonstrate his application for the position would have been futile
  9. Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Corp.

    429 U.S. 252 (1977)   Cited 4,382 times   8 Legal Analyses
    Holding that plaintiffs need show only that "a discriminatory purpose has been a motivating factor in the decision," because, after all, "[r]arely can it be said that a legislature or administrative body operating under a broad mandate made a decision motivated solely by a single concern, or even that a particular purpose was the ‘dominant’ or ‘primary’ one."
  10. Havens Realty Corp. v. Coleman

    455 U.S. 363 (1982)   Cited 2,075 times   14 Legal Analyses
    Holding that an organization suffers injury in fact when its key activities are "perceptibly impaired" and its resources "consequent[ly] drain[ed]"
  11. Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 12   Cited 357,835 times   950 Legal Analyses
    Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
  12. Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 8   Cited 162,084 times   197 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
  13. Section 2000e-5 - Enforcement provisions

    42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5   Cited 27,339 times   124 Legal Analyses
    Holding charges must be made in writing, under oath, and contain all information as the Commission requires
  14. Section 3604 - Discrimination in the sale or rental of housing and other prohibited practices

    42 U.S.C. § 3604   Cited 4,198 times   64 Legal Analyses
    Requiring any "accommodation" in "rules, policies, practices, or services" to be "reasonable"
  15. Section 3613 - Enforcement by private persons

    42 U.S.C. § 3613   Cited 1,573 times   6 Legal Analyses
    Granting right to sue in state or federal court
  16. Section 3602 - Definitions

    42 U.S.C. § 3602   Cited 1,204 times   8 Legal Analyses
    Defining familial status
  17. Section 3617 - Interference, coercion, or intimidation

    42 U.S.C. § 3617   Cited 1,081 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Providing that it is "unlawful to coerce, intimidate, threaten, or interfere with any person" because of "any right granted or protected" under the law
  18. Section 3605 - Discrimination in residential real estate-related transactions

    42 U.S.C. § 3605   Cited 467 times   11 Legal Analyses
    Barring "discriminat[ion] against any person in making available such a [housing] transaction ... because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status, or national origin"
  19. Section 3614 - Enforcement by Attorney General

    42 U.S.C. § 3614   Cited 211 times   5 Legal Analyses
    Allowing courts to impose a fine of up to $75,000, as adjusted for inflation by 28 C.F.R. § 85.3(b)
  20. Section 3606 - Discrimination in the provision of brokerage services

    42 U.S.C. § 3606   Cited 53 times
    Prohibiting discrimination in the provision of brokerage services
  21. Section 100.500 - Discriminatory effect prohibited

    24 C.F.R. § 100.500   Cited 106 times   25 Legal Analyses
    Describing this process under the FHA