10 Cited authorities

  1. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 274,322 times   368 Legal Analyses
    Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
  2. Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Services

    436 U.S. 658 (1978)   Cited 68,683 times   15 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "local governments] . . . are 'persons'" for purposes of 42 U.S.C. § 1983
  3. Brooks v. Ross

    578 F.3d 574 (7th Cir. 2009)   Cited 3,303 times
    Holding that a claim is plausible if the facts alleged raise a reasonable expectation that discovery will yield evidence supporting the allegations
  4. Pepper v. Village of Oak Park

    430 F.3d 805 (7th Cir. 2005)   Cited 957 times
    Holding that Section 1983 liability requires that the defendant caused or participated in the constitutional violation
  5. Woodward v. Correctional Medical Services

    368 F.3d 917 (7th Cir. 2004)   Cited 806 times
    Holding that completely inadequate suicide-prevention training for prison guards would lead to more suicides
  6. Jackson v. Illinois Medi-Car, Inc.

    300 F.3d 760 (7th Cir. 2002)   Cited 606 times
    Affirming holding that evidence presented by plaintiff could not support conclusion that defendant had acted with deliberate indifference
  7. Kinslow v. Pullara

    538 F.3d 687 (7th Cir. 2008)   Cited 393 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Finding a lack of minimum contacts because of the plaintiff's "failure throughout this litigation to look at each separate person's contacts with Illinois and his assumption that the defendants could instead be treated as a group"
  8. Iskander v. Village of Forest Park

    690 F.2d 126 (7th Cir. 1982)   Cited 408 times
    Holding that vicarious liability is unavailable in a § 1983 suit
  9. Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 12   Cited 355,101 times   943 Legal Analyses
    Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
  10. Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 8   Cited 160,697 times   196 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."