Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc.

Holding that plaintiffs who curtailed their recreational activities on a river due to reasonable concerns about the effect of pollutant discharges into that river had standing

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Assoc. of the United States, Inc. v. State Farm Mutual Auto. Ins. Co.

Holding that " `settled course of behavior embodies the agency's informed judgment that, by pursuing that course, it will carry out the policies [of applicable statutes or regulations]'"

Robertson v. Methow Valley Citizens Council

Holding NEPA does not require a "worst case analysis"

Kleppe v. Sierra Club

Holding that role of court in reviewing agency action under NEPA is to ensure agency has taken a "hard look" at environmental consequences; the court cannot "interject itself within the area of discretion of the executive as to the choice of the action to be taken."

Lands Council v. Powell

Holding that reliance on 13–year–old habitat studies was arbitrary and capricious

Blue Mt. Biodiversity Proj. v. Blackwood

Holding that conflicting evidence on the effects of ecological intervention in post-fire landscapes made a proposed project highly uncertain, thus requiring an EIS

Southwest Center v. U.S. Forest Service

Holding that the "finding [of no effect] obviates the need for formal consultation under the ESA"

Kern v. U.S. Bureau of Land Management

Holding that a cumulative impact analysis was insufficient where the revised EA did not "analyz[e] the impact of reasonably foreseeable future timber sales within the District" that the petitioner identified

Gifford Pinchot Task F. v. U.S. Fish W

Holding that discovery of new facts “mandates reinitiating formal consultations” and that “[the consulting agency] was obligated to reinitiate consultation pursuant to 50 C.F.R. Section 402.16”

National Parks Conservation Ass'n v. Babbitt

Holding EIS must be prepared where monitoring and mitigation measures were uncertain

Rule 56 - Summary Judgment

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Section 1331 - Federal question

Finding that in order to invoke federal question jurisdiction, a plaintiff's claims must arise "under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States."

Section 706 - Scope of review

Granting courts jurisdiction to "compel agency action unlawfully held or unreasonably delayed"

Section 701 - Application; definitions

Adopting the definition given in Section 551

Section 702 - Right of review

Granting judicial review of "agency action"

Section 4332 - Cooperation of agencies; reports; availability of information; recommendations; international and national coordination of efforts

Requiring that agencies prepare environmental impact statements where major agency action would significantly affect the environment

Section 4321 - Congressional declaration of purpose

Describing the purposes of NEPA as including "encourag[ing] productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment"

Section 551 - Protection of national forests; rules and regulations

Authorizing the promulgation of rules covering use of the national forests and providing for criminal sanctions for violation of those rules

Section 1857 to 1857c-9 - Transferred

Section 478 - Egress or ingress of actual settlers; prospecting

Acknowledging the Secretary of Agriculture's authority under 16 U.S.C. § 551, and other provisions, to prescribe rules and regulations to prevent "depredations upon the public forests and national forests" but noting such authorization "shall not be construed as prohibiting any person . . . from entering upon such national forests for all proper and lawful purposes, including that of prospecting, locating, and developing the mineral resources thereof"

Section 1501.4 - Categorical exclusions

Explaining that agencies may prepare a concise environmental assessment to determine if a more detailed environmental impact is required

Section 402.02 - Definitions

Defining "action" as "all activities or programs of any kind authorized, funded, or carried out, in whole or in part, by Federal agencies in the United States or upon the high seas. Examples include, but are not limited to . . . actions directly or indirectly causing modifications to the land, water, or air"

Section 1500.1 - Purpose and policy

Explaining that the purpose of NEPA's procedures is to make information available before decisions are made

Section 1502.16 - Environmental consequences

Stating that the detailed statement should include: "environmental impacts of the alternatives . . ., any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented, the relationship between short-term uses of man's environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity, and any irreversible or irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the proposal"

Section 1506.6 - Public involvement

Requiring “public notice of NEPA-related hearings, public meetings, and the availability of environmental documents”

Section 1501.7 - Lead agencies

Explaining that "scoping" is the process "for determining the scope of issues to be addressed and for identifying the significant issues related to a proposed action"

Section 1500.2 - Reserved

Directing federal agencies to "[i]ntegrate the requirements of NEPA with other planning and environmental review procedures required by law or by agency practice so that all such procedures run concurrently rather than consecutively"

Section 228.4 - Plan of operations-notice of intent-requirements

Requiring plan of operations to the Forest Service

Section 220.6 - Categorical exclusions

Defining the contents of a Decision Memo

Section 220.4 - General requirements

Providing that cumulative effects analyses need not "catalogue or exhaustively list and analyze all individual past actions"