Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Terry v. Ohio

Holding that a police officer who has reasonable suspicion of criminal activity may conduct a brief investigative stop

Fed. Deposit Ins. v. Meyer

Holding a Bivens claim does not lie against federal agencies because, if damages claims were permitted against federal agencies, "there would be no reason for aggrieved parties to bring damages actions against individual officers" and thus "the deterrent effects of the Bivens remedy would be lost"

Mathews v. Eldridge

Holding that a procedure based on written submissions was adequate because it included safeguards against mistake including that the agency informed the recipient of its tentative assessment and the evidence supporting it and an opportunity was then afforded the recipient to submit additional evidence "enabling him to challenge directly the accuracy of information in his file as well as the correctness of the agency's tentative conclusions"

Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence & Coordination Unit

Holding that there is no heightened pleading requirement in § 1983 suits against municipalities

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Assoc. of the United States, Inc. v. State Farm Mutual Auto. Ins. Co.

Holding that " `settled course of behavior embodies the agency's informed judgment that, by pursuing that course, it will carry out the policies [of applicable statutes or regulations]'"

Florida v. Royer

Holding that the government bears the burden of demonstrating reasonable suspicion

Bailey v. United States

Holding that Government must show active employment of firearm to support § 924(c) conviction

Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Corp.

Holding that plaintiffs need show only that "a discriminatory purpose has been a motivating factor in the decision," because, after all, "[r]arely can it be said that a legislature or administrative body operating under a broad mandate made a decision motivated solely by a single concern, or even that a particular purpose was the ‘dominant’ or ‘primary’ one."

Food & Drug Administration v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp.

Holding that Congress had not yet empowered the FDA to regulate tobacco products

Section 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights

Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 924 - Penalties

Holding that conviction for eluding police, under Maine statute which provides that "[w]hoever, after being requested or signaled to stop, attempts to elude a law enforcement officer by driving a vehicle at a reckless rate of speed which results in a high-speed chase between the operator's vehicle and any law enforcement vehicle using a blue light and siren is guilty" of a felony-level crime, involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another for purposes of 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)

Section 1346 - United States as defendant

Determining liability to the claimant "in accordance with the law of the place where the act or omission occurred"

Section 1985 - Conspiracy to interfere with civil rights

Concerning conspiracies to obstruct justice or intimidate a party, witness, or juror

Section 2680 - Exceptions

Concluding that claims for injurious falsehoods, disparagement of property, slander of goods, or trade libel are claims arising out of libel or slander under the FTCA

Section 1328 - Discharge

Granting discharge “as soon as practicable after completion by the debtor of all payments under the plan”

Section 1226 - Apprehension and detention of aliens

Ruling that no court may set aside an immigration judge's "discretionary judgment any action or decision . . . regarding the detention or release of any alien or the grant, revocation, or denial of bond or parole"

Section 52.1 - Interference by threat, intimidation or coercion with exercise or enjoyment of individual rights

Stating a person whose state or constitutional rights "ha[ve] been interfered with, or attempted to be interfered with," can bring an action against the alleged perpetrator

Section 1229 - Initiation of removal proceedings

Authorizing service by mail

Section 236.1 - Apprehension, custody, and detention

Providing that an authorized officer may exercise discretion to release an alien if the alien demonstrates that release would not pose a danger and the alien is likely to appear at future proceedings

Section 287.7 - Detainer provisions under section 287(d)(3) of the Act

Stating that detainers serve "the purpose of arresting and removing the alien"

Section 287.3 - Disposition of cases of aliens arrested without warrant

Requiring that an alien arrested without a warrant and placed in formal proceedings be apprised of the reason for his arrest, his right to representation, and that any statement he makes may be used against him in a subsequent proceeding

Section 287.1 - Definitions

Defining “reasonable distance” to mean 100 miles

Section 287.12 - Scope

Section 287.11 - Pre-enrolled Access Lane