32 Cited authorities

Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (2009) Cited 253,044 times 279 Legal Analyses
Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable
Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife
504 U.S. 555 (1992) Cited 27,860 times 138 Legal Analyses
Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"
Pennhurst State School Hosp. v. Halderman
465 U.S. 89 (1984) Cited 13,457 times 8 Legal Analyses
Holding that sovereign immunity prohibits federal courts from "instruct[ing] state officials on how to conform their conduct to state law"
Warth v. Seldin
422 U.S. 490 (1975) Cited 11,875 times 14 Legal Analyses
Holding that Article III requires plaintiffs "to establish that, in fact, the asserted injury was the consequence of the defendants' actions"
Ex Parte Young
209 U.S. 123 (1908) Cited 10,822 times 23 Legal Analyses
Holding that federal courts may enjoin state officials to conform their conduct to federal law
Reno v. Condon
528 U.S. 141 (2000) Cited 234 times 3 Legal Analyses
Holding that a federal statute did not commandeer state officials where it neither required state legislatures to enact laws or regulations nor required state officials to assist in the enforcement of federal statutes
Pichler v. Unite
542 F.3d 380 (3d Cir. 2008) Cited 192 times
Holding that issue of "willfulness or recklessness of a defendant's conduct" under a different federal statute required trial by jury
Clark v. Boscher
514 F.3d 107 (1st Cir. 2008) Cited 184 times
Holding that city officials' alleged pattern of arbitrary and unreasonable denials of the plaintiff's new land development plan failed to satisfy the "shocks the conscience" standard
U.S. Duxbury v. Ortho Biotech Pro
579 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2009) Cited 155 times 14 Legal Analyses
Holding that, in actions “in which the defendant induced third parties to file false claims with the government,” it was not necessary to “provid[e] details as to each false claim” if there were “factual or statistical evidence to strengthen the inference of fraud beyond possibility”
McCready v. White
417 F.3d 700 (7th Cir. 2005) Cited 169 times
Holding that " authorizes private suits, but only by persons whose information has been disclosed improperly"
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 346,241 times 923 Legal Analyses
Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Section 30A:14 - Judicial review
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 30A § 14 Cited 1,124 times
Granting the court the authority to remand, set aside, or modify an agency's decision "if it determines that the substantial rights of any party may have been prejudiced because the agency decision is . . . [b]ased upon an error of law"
Section 2721 - Prohibition on release and use of certain personal information from State motor vehicle records
18 U.S.C. § 2721 Cited 611 times 23 Legal Analyses
Exempting any government agency, including law enforcement, "in carrying out its functions"
Section 2724 - Civil action
18 U.S.C. § 2724 Cited 288 times 3 Legal Analyses
Outlining remedies available under the DPPA
Section 214:1B - Right of privacy
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 214 § 1B Cited 195 times 1 Legal Analyses
Creating statutory right to privacy
Section 4:7 - Definitions of statutory terms; statutory construction
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 4 § 7 Cited 160 times
Defining "public records"
Section 66:10 - Inspection and copies of public records; extension of time; fees
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 66 § 10 Cited 122 times 1 Legal Analyses
Recognizing that only part of state records may be public

City of Somerville v. Williams

32 Cited authorities

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Holding that sovereign immunity prohibits federal courts from "instruct[ing] state officials on how to conform their conduct to state law"

Holding that Article III requires plaintiffs "to establish that, in fact, the asserted injury was the consequence of the defendants' actions"

Holding that federal courts may enjoin state officials to conform their conduct to federal law

Holding that a federal statute did not commandeer state officials where it neither required state legislatures to enact laws or regulations nor required state officials to assist in the enforcement of federal statutes

Holding that issue of "willfulness or recklessness of a defendant's conduct" under a different federal statute required trial by jury

Holding that city officials' alleged pattern of arbitrary and unreasonable denials of the plaintiff's new land development plan failed to satisfy the "shocks the conscience" standard

Holding that, in actions “in which the defendant induced third parties to file false claims with the government,” it was not necessary to “provid[e] details as to each false claim” if there were “factual or statistical evidence to strengthen the inference of fraud beyond possibility”

Holding that " authorizes private suits, but only by persons whose information has been disclosed improperly"

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Granting the court the authority to remand, set aside, or modify an agency's decision "if it determines that the substantial rights of any party may have been prejudiced because the agency decision is . . . [b]ased upon an error of law"

Exempting any government agency, including law enforcement, "in carrying out its functions"

Outlining remedies available under the DPPA

Creating statutory right to privacy

Defining "public records"

Recognizing that only part of state records may be public