Celotex Corp. v. Catrett

Holding that a movant's summary judgment motion should be granted "against a [nonmovant] who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial"

Taylor v. Sturgell

Holding that adequate representation requires that "[t]he interests of the nonparty and her representative are aligned" and "the party understood herself to be acting in a representative capacity."

Bennett v. Spear

Holding that a Final Biological Opinion has "legal consequences," even though the action agency is not legally obligated to accept the opinion's recommendations or conclusions, because the opinion "alter the legal regime to which the action agency is subject"

Stewart v. U.S. Bancorp

Holding that plaintiffs bear the “burden to amend their complaint” to assert claims that are not preempted by ERISA

Mpoyo v. Litton Electro-Optical Systems

Holding that two suits "relate[d] to the same set of facts" because they both concerned "the events leading to [the plaintiff's] termination"

Harper v. Wallingford

Holding that prison need not demonstrate proof of actual danger

Western Systems, Inc. v. Ulloa

Holding that "[t]he test for whether a subsequent action is barred is whether it arises from the same transaction, or series of transactions as the original action"

Cell Therapeutics Inc. v. Lash Grp. Inc.

Holding that a target defendant's claim for contractual indemnification against a co-participant should not be dismissed at the pleading stage if it is not dependent on a finding of liability under the FCA

International Union of Operating Engineers-Employers Construction Industry Pension, Welfare & Training Trust Funds v. Karr

Holding criterion to be outcome determinative and listing cases using the same nucleus of operative fact as the exclusive factor to bar a second claim under res judicata

Proshipline v. Aspen Infrastructures

Finding that Aqua Stoli's "limited scenario allows for equitable vacatur only when the plaintiff could obtain in personam jurisdiction over the defendant in the federal district where the plaintiff has its most significant presence"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 56 - Summary Judgment

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Section 551 - Definitions

Adopting the definition set out in the APA

Section 1365 - Citizen suits

Granting Administrator right to intervene in citizen suits

Section 1311 - Effluent limitations

Imposing general prohibition on "the discharge of any pollutant by any person"

Section 1342 - National pollutant discharge elimination system

Granting EPA the authority to require a permit for such discharges

Section 1369 - Administrative procedure and judicial review

Vesting jurisdiction in the Courts of Appeals to review the EPA’s action "in making any determination as to a State permit program submitted under section 1342(b) of [Title 33] ...."

Section 1.5 - Organization and general information