44 Cited authorities

Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (2009) Cited 266,896 times 281 Legal Analyses
Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 279,933 times 369 Legal Analyses
Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A.
534 U.S. 506 (2002) Cited 17,351 times 20 Legal Analyses
Holding with regard to a 67-year-old plaintiff and a 59-year-old comparator that " difference of eight years between the age of the person discharged and his replacement . . . is not insignificant"
Albright v. Oliver
510 U.S. 266 (1994) Cited 12,968 times 5 Legal Analyses
Holding that the plaintiff’s § 1983 claim failed where the plaintiff failed to establish that he was deprived of a substantive due process right secured by the Constitution
Papasan v. Allain
478 U.S. 265 (1986) Cited 17,454 times 6 Legal Analyses
Holding that Ex parte Young would not support a suit against a state for ongoing liability for an alleged past breach of trust, since "continuing payment of the income from the lost corpus is essentially equivalent in economic terms to a one-time restoration of the lost corpus itself"
Mine Workers v. Gibbs
383 U.S. 715 (1966) Cited 18,266 times 2 Legal Analyses
Holding that supplemental jurisdiction is a "doctrine of discretion"
Edwards v. City of Goldsboro
178 F.3d 231 (4th Cir. 1999) Cited 6,824 times 2 Legal Analyses
Holding that First Amendment rights of an off-duty officer communicating about concealed weapons were sufficiently established by precedent regarding off-duty officer's entertainment performances
English v. General Electric Co.
496 U.S. 72 (1990) Cited 1,342 times 8 Legal Analyses
Holding that a tort arising from whistleblower retaliation at a nuclear facility was insufficiently related to radiological safety aspects in the facility's operation
Harrison v. Westinghouse Savannah River Co.
176 F.3d 776 (4th Cir. 1999) Cited 2,037 times 10 Legal Analyses
Holding that the plaintiff's allegation that the defendant represented that a particular project would take 1.5 years to complete, even though it knew it would take significantly longer, constituted a false statement under the FCA
Revene v. Charles County Com'rs
882 F.2d 870 (4th Cir. 1989) Cited 1,526 times
Holding "[t]he separate claim against the 'Office of Sheriff' [in Charles County, Maryland] was rightly dismissed on the basis that this 'office' is not a cognizable legal entity separate from the Sheriff in his official capacity and the county government of which this 'office' is simply an agency"
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 361,619 times 960 Legal Analyses
Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading
Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 Cited 163,952 times 197 Legal Analyses
Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
Rule 23 - Class Actions
Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 Cited 36,225 times 1254 Legal Analyses
Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"
Section 201 - Short title
29 U.S.C. § 201 Cited 21,494 times 104 Legal Analyses
Setting fourteen as the minimum age for most non-agricultural work
Section 216 - Penalties
29 U.S.C. § 216 Cited 16,915 times 143 Legal Analyses
Holding employers liable for “unpaid minimum wages, or their unpaid overtime compensation”
Section 260 - Liquidated damages
29 U.S.C. § 260 Cited 1,853 times 11 Legal Analyses
Granting district courts the discretion to decline to award liquidated damages when good faith is shown
Section 2072 - Rules of procedure and evidence; power to prescribe
28 U.S.C. § 2072 Cited 1,847 times 37 Legal Analyses
Granting the Supreme Court, not the parties, authority to "prescribe general rules of practice and procedure" for federal district court cases
Section 3-501 - Definitions
Md. Code, Lab. & Empl. § 3-501 Cited 493 times 2 Legal Analyses
Defining "wage"
Section 218 - Relation to other laws
29 U.S.C. § 218 Cited 464 times 14 Legal Analyses
Stating that the FLSA's minimum wage requirement does not excuse noncompliance with "any" federal law that mandates a higher wage
Section 3-401 - Definitions
Md. Code, Lab. & Empl. § 3-401 Cited 386 times 1 Legal Analyses
Defining "employer" as including "a person who acts directly or indirectly in the interest of another employer with an employee"

Butler et al v. Challenger Transportation, Inc.

44 Cited authorities

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Holding with regard to a 67-year-old plaintiff and a 59-year-old comparator that " difference of eight years between the age of the person discharged and his replacement . . . is not insignificant"

Holding that the plaintiff’s § 1983 claim failed where the plaintiff failed to establish that he was deprived of a substantive due process right secured by the Constitution

Holding that Ex parte Young would not support a suit against a state for ongoing liability for an alleged past breach of trust, since "continuing payment of the income from the lost corpus is essentially equivalent in economic terms to a one-time restoration of the lost corpus itself"

Holding that supplemental jurisdiction is a "doctrine of discretion"

Holding that First Amendment rights of an off-duty officer communicating about concealed weapons were sufficiently established by precedent regarding off-duty officer's entertainment performances

Holding that a tort arising from whistleblower retaliation at a nuclear facility was insufficiently related to radiological safety aspects in the facility's operation

Holding that the plaintiff's allegation that the defendant represented that a particular project would take 1.5 years to complete, even though it knew it would take significantly longer, constituted a false statement under the FCA

Holding "[t]he separate claim against the 'Office of Sheriff' [in Charles County, Maryland] was rightly dismissed on the basis that this 'office' is not a cognizable legal entity separate from the Sheriff in his official capacity and the county government of which this 'office' is simply an agency"

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"

Setting fourteen as the minimum age for most non-agricultural work

Holding employers liable for “unpaid minimum wages, or their unpaid overtime compensation”

Granting district courts the discretion to decline to award liquidated damages when good faith is shown

Granting the Supreme Court, not the parties, authority to "prescribe general rules of practice and procedure" for federal district court cases

Defining "wage"

Stating that the FLSA's minimum wage requirement does not excuse noncompliance with "any" federal law that mandates a higher wage

Defining "employer" as including "a person who acts directly or indirectly in the interest of another employer with an employee"