Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Mine Workers v. Gibbs

Holding that supplemental jurisdiction is a "doctrine of discretion"

O'Shea v. Littleton

Holding that "[p]ast exposure to illegal conduct does not in itself show a present case or controversy regarding injunctive relief ... if unaccompanied by any continuing, present adverse effects"

Mayer v. Belichick

Holding we must only consider documents if complainant's claims are based upon these documents

Meyer v. Holley

Holding that under traditional principles of vicarious liability, a corporation is the principal of its employees/agents, and thus corporate owners and officers are not liable for the unlawful acts of an employee simply on the basis that the owner or officer controlled (or had the right to control) the actions of that employee

Pryor v. Nat'l Collegiate Athletic Ass'n

Holding that "[a]lthough a district court may not consider matters extraneous to the pleadings, a document integral to or explicitly relied upon in the complaint may be considered without converting the motion to dismiss in one for summary judgment"

Emerson v. Thiel Coll.

Holding that "[b]ecause the individual defendants do not receive federal aid, [plaintiff] does not state a claim against them under the Rehabilitation Act"

Reedy v. Evanson

Holding that liability for a 1983 false arrest claim cannot be sustained unless Appellant shows "that the police officer knowingly and deliberately or with reckless disregard for the truth made false statement"

ZF Meritor, LLC v. Eaton Corp.

Holding plaintiff who "expressed no concrete desire" to "reenter the market" lacked standing to seek prospective relief on antitrust claim

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 1367 - Supplemental jurisdiction

Holding that in civil actions proceeding in federal court based solely on diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332, the district court "shall not have supplemental jurisdiction" over "claims by plaintiffs against persons made parties under Rule . . . 24" or "over claims by persons . . seeking to intervene as plaintiffs under Rule 24," if "exercising supplemental jurisdiction over such claims would be inconsistent with the jurisdictional requirements of section 1332"

Section 3604 - Discrimination in the sale or rental of housing and other prohibited practices

Requiring any "accommodation" in "rules, policies, practices, or services" to be "reasonable"

Section 3601 - Declaration of policy

Stating the FHA is intended to provide “fair housing throughout the United States”

Section 12182 - Prohibition of discrimination by public accommodations

Explaining that public accommodations cannot "directly or through contractual or other arrangements, utilize standards or criteria or methods of administration" that have the effect of discriminating on the basis of disability."

Section 12181 - Definitions

Including "grocery store" and "pharmac[ies]" whose operations "affect commerce" within the definition of "public accommodation"

Section 12188 - Enforcement

Providing that the remedies available to individuals are set forth in 42 U.S.C. § 2000a-3, which allows a private right of action only for injunctive relief for violations of Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Section 3602 - Definitions

Defining "dwelling" as "any building, structure, or portion thereof which is occupied as, or designed or intended for occupancy as, a residence by one or more families, and any vacant land which is offered for sale or lease for the construction or location thereon of any such building, structure, or portion thereof"

Section 5533 - Infancy, insanity or imprisonment

Defining "minor" as "any individual who has not yet attained 18 years of age"

Section 36.202 - Activities

Requiring public accommodations to provide an "equal" opportunity for the hearing impaired to participate in and benefit from services

Section 36.204 - Administrative methods