Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Lewis v. Casey

Holding that a prisoner must show an actual injury to state a claim for denial of access to courts

World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson

Holding that an Oklahoma court could not exercise personal jurisdiction over a car retailer when the retailer's only connection to Oklahoma was the fact that a car sold in New York became involved in an accident in Oklahoma

Warth v. Seldin

Holding that Article III requires plaintiffs "to establish that, in fact, the asserted injury was the consequence of the defendants' actions"

Asahi Metal Indus. Co. Ltd. v. Superior Court

Holding that, in suit by Taiwanese manufacturer for indemnification against Japanese manufacturer, the assertion by California court of personal jurisdiction over Japanese manufacturer was unreasonable

Valley Forge College v. Americans United

Holding that "the psychological consequence presumably produced by observation of conduct with which one disagrees ... is not an injury sufficient to confer standing under Art. III, even though the disagreement is phrased in constitutional terms"

O'Shea v. Littleton

Holding that "[p]ast exposure to illegal conduct does not in itself show a present case or controversy regarding injunctive relief ... if unaccompanied by any continuing, present adverse effects"

Simon v. E. Ky. Welfare Rights Org.

Holding plaintiffs who sued IRS lacked standing where they hoped reversal of IRS rule would " ‘discourage’ hospitals from denying their services to" plaintiffs, but whether hospitals had denied services based on the existing rule remained unclear and, even if the rule were reversed, hospitals would remain free to not provide services to plaintiffs

Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp.

Holding that "a fairness hearing under Rule 23(e) is no substitute for rigorous adherence to those provisions of the Rule designed to protect absentees"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 23 - Class Actions

Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"

Rule 13 - Counterclaim and Crossclaim

Determining whether counterclaims are compulsory

Section 226 - Itemized statement of wages

Providing only statutory penalties

Section 2699 - Civil penalty; civil action by aggrieved employee to recover

Providing that "[a]ny employee who prevails in any action" shall be entitled to reasonable attorney's fees

Section 202 - Employees not under contract; notice; state employees

Awarding immediate payment of all earned and unpaid wages upon discharge, layoff, or resignation

Section 98.2 - Review

Providing that "[t]he Labor Commissioner shall file, within 10 days of the order becoming final pursuant to subdivision (d), a certified copy of the final order with the clerk of the superior court of the appropriate county unless a settlement has been reached by the parties and approved by the Labor Commissioner"

Section 98 - Investigation of employee complaints

Providing that "[t]he Labor Commissioner may provide for a hearing in any action to recover wages, penalties, and other demands for compensation properly before the division or the Labor Commissioner, including orders of the Industrial Welfare Commission"

Section 2 - Existing provisions

Section 225.5 - Civil penalties

Specifying civil penalties that the Labor Commissioner may recover