Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc.

Holding that summary judgment is not appropriate if "the dispute about a material fact is ‘genuine,’ that is, if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party"

Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc.

Holding that a "trier of fact can reasonably infer from the falsity of the explanation that the employer is dissembling to cover up a discriminatory purpose"

Adickes v. Kress Co.

Holding that a private person who conspires with government actors to deprive a plaintiff of her constitutional rights acts "under color of law" for purposes of § 1983

Houston v. Hill

Holding that the First Amendment does not permit states to “provide the police with unfettered discretion to arrest individuals for words or conduct that annoy or offend them”

Tracy v. Freshwater

Holding that "a lawyer representing himself ordinarily receives no [special] solicitude at all."

Weyant v. Okst

Holding a plaintiff must establish "something more than mere negligence" to establish deliberate indifference under the Fourteenth Amendment

Curley v. Village of Suffern

Holding that the existence of probable cause for an arrest alleged to be in retaliation for protected speech affects the second prong of the First Amendment analysis

Byrnie v. Town of Cromwell, Bd. of Educ

Holding that the same standard applies to claims of discrimination based upon gender and age

Ricciuti v. N.Y.C. Transit Authority

Holding that there was no protection by immunity for police officer who conspired to fabricate a known false confession and forward that confession to prosecutor

Jaegly v. Couch

Holding that probable cause is complete defense to false arrest

Rule 56 - Summary Judgment

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Section 10.00 - Definitions of terms of general use in this chapter

Ruling that sexual abuse of child by parent requiring surgery to repair severe internal injuries and profuse arterial bleeding sufficiently established severe physical injury and aggravating circumstances excusing reasonable efforts of reunification

Section 50-I - Presentation of tort claims; commencement of actions

Noting that "it shall appear by and as an allegation in the complaint or moving papers that at least thirty days have elapsed since the service of such notice ... and that adjustment or payment thereof has been neglected or refused"

Section 240.26 - Harassment in the second degree

Section 240.20 - Disorderly conduct

Stating that disorderly conduct is a “violation” punishable by no more than 15 days' incarceration

Section 140.10 - Arrest without a warrant; by police officer; when and where authorized

Explaining that a police officer may arrest a person for a crime when the officer has "reasonable cause to believe that such person has committed such crime, whether in [the officer's] presenceor otherwise ," but that an officer may arrest a person for a violation only when the officer has "reasonable cause to believe that such person has committed such offense in his or her presence "

Section 195.05 - Obstructing governmental administration in the second degree

Obstructing governmental administration