Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Tellabs v. Makor Issues Rights

Holding that a strong inference is one that is "cogent and at least as compelling as any opposing inference"

Dura Pharmaceuticals v. Broudo

Holding that the securities statutes have a private of action “not to provide investors with broad insurance against market losses, but to protect them against those economic losses that misrepresentations actually cause”

Warth v. Seldin

Holding that Article III requires plaintiffs "to establish that, in fact, the asserted injury was the consequence of the defendants' actions"

United States v. Bestfoods

Holding that ownership and control is insufficient to demonstrate an alter-ego relationship

ATSI Communications, Inc. v. Shaar Fund, Ltd.

Holding that deception occurs when "investors are misled to believe that prices at which they purchase and sell securities are determined by the natural interplay of supply and demand, not rigged by manipulators"

Cuoco v. Moritsugu

Holding that a pro se plaintiff should be "grant[ed] leave to amend at least once when a liberal reading of the complaint gives any indication that a valid claim might be stated" but leave to amend may be properly denied as "futile"

Lormand v. US Unwired, Inc.

Holding that warnings "d[id] not qualify as meaningful cautionary language" because they "did not disclose that defendants knew from past experience that the [risks] posed an imminent threat of business and financial ruin and that some damage from these risks had already materialized"

Roth v. Jennings

Holding that dismissal of a Section 16 suit for disgorgement of short-swing profits was unjustified when there were allegations that a loan had been made to a borrower in furtherance of an agreement between the lender and the borrower "to work together to effect a change of control or similar transaction involving [the company whose shares were purchased with the borrowed money]"

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

Permitting "[m]alice, intent, knowledge, and other conditions of a person's mind [to] be alleged generally"

Section 78u-4 - Private securities litigation

Granting courts authority to permit discovery if necessary "to preserve evidence or to prevent undue prejudice to" a party

Section 78n - Proxies

Incorporating § 78m(d) by reference

Section 2702 - Elements of liability

Excluding certain oil spills from OPA liability

Section 240.14a-9 - False or misleading statements

Stating that a proxy statement shall not "contain any statement which, at the time and in the light of the circumstances under which it is made, is false or misleading with respect to any material fact, or which omits to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not false or misleading"

Section 107.267 - Special examination in lieu of drydocking for self-elevating units