38 Cited authorities

Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (2009) Cited 251,785 times 279 Legal Analyses
Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 265,756 times 364 Legal Analyses
Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
Burlington N. & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. White
548 U.S. 53 (2006) Cited 11,222 times 102 Legal Analyses
Holding that a jury could find a reassignment from a position with "an indication of prestige" to one involving less desirable responsibilities "would have been materially adverse to a reasonable employee"
Nat'l R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan
536 U.S. 101 (2002) Cited 10,242 times 31 Legal Analyses
Holding limitations period for hostile-work-environment claim runs from the last act composing the claim
E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. v. Kolon Industries, Inc.
637 F.3d 435 (4th Cir. 2011) Cited 2,571 times 1 Legal Analyses
Holding that exclusive dealing agreements are unlawful where they "severely limit ... competition for the most important customers in categories needed to gain a foothold for effective competition"
Giarratano v. Johnson
521 F.3d 298 (4th Cir. 2008) Cited 2,853 times
Holding a court need not accept as true a complaint's legal conclusions, "unwarranted inferences, unreasonable conclusions, or arguments."
Boyer-Liberto v. Fontainebleau Corp.
786 F.3d 264 (4th Cir. 2015) Cited 913 times 15 Legal Analyses
Holding that because alleged harassment met elements of hostile work environment claim, complaining about such harassment was necessarily protected activity for purpose of retaliation claim
Laughlin v. Metro. Wash. Airports
149 F.3d 253 (4th Cir. 1998) Cited 1,655 times 3 Legal Analyses
Holding that "[t]o determine whether an employee has engaged in legitimate opposition activity we employ a balancing test."
Zak v. Chelsea Therapeutics Int'l, Ltd.
780 F.3d 597 (4th Cir. 2015) Cited 532 times 2 Legal Analyses
Holding that plaintiff sufficiently alleged a strong inference of scienter when corporate officers knew that a new drug would require more studies before it could be approved, yet told investors that no further studies would be necessary
Wag More Dogs, Ltd. v. Cozart
680 F.3d 359 (4th Cir. 2012) Cited 457 times
Holding that business' outdoor mural was commercial speech where business conceded that the mural was advertising, the mural included part of the business' logo, and the business “had an economic motivation for displaying the painting”
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 344,855 times 920 Legal Analyses
Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Section 2000e-3 - Other unlawful employment practices
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3 Cited 14,395 times 43 Legal Analyses
Prohibiting retaliation against employees who "oppos[e] any [unlawful] practice"
Section 1681 - Sex
20 U.S.C. § 1681 Cited 4,355 times 79 Legal Analyses
Referencing application of Title IX prohibitions to school admissions

Brade Stennis v. Bowie State University

38 Cited authorities

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Holding that a jury could find a reassignment from a position with "an indication of prestige" to one involving less desirable responsibilities "would have been materially adverse to a reasonable employee"

Holding limitations period for hostile-work-environment claim runs from the last act composing the claim

Holding that exclusive dealing agreements are unlawful where they "severely limit ... competition for the most important customers in categories needed to gain a foothold for effective competition"

Holding a court need not accept as true a complaint's legal conclusions, "unwarranted inferences, unreasonable conclusions, or arguments."

Holding that because alleged harassment met elements of hostile work environment claim, complaining about such harassment was necessarily protected activity for purpose of retaliation claim

Holding that "[t]o determine whether an employee has engaged in legitimate opposition activity we employ a balancing test."

Holding that plaintiff sufficiently alleged a strong inference of scienter when corporate officers knew that a new drug would require more studies before it could be approved, yet told investors that no further studies would be necessary

Holding that business' outdoor mural was commercial speech where business conceded that the mural was advertising, the mural included part of the business' logo, and the business “had an economic motivation for displaying the painting”

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Prohibiting retaliation against employees who "oppos[e] any [unlawful] practice"

Referencing application of Title IX prohibitions to school admissions