New York Times Co. v. Sullivan

Holding that a public official or public figure can recover damages for defamation on a matter of public concern only if he proves that the speaker acted with actual malice

Dillon v. City of New York

Holding that "[d]efamation has long been recognized to arise from the making of a false statement which tends to expose the plaintiff to public contempt, ridicule, aversion or disgrace, or induce an evil opinion of him in the minds of right-thinking persons, and to deprive him of their friendly intercourse in society."

Celle v. Filipino Reporter Enterprises

Holding that to recover in libel under New York law, the plaintiff must establish that the defamatory statement was, among other things, published to a third party through the defendant's negligence or actual malice

Brian v. Richardson

Holding that an article advocating for a government investigation into purported misuse of software would be understood, in context, "as mere allegations to be investigated rather than as facts"

Steinhilber v. Alphonse

Recognizing a distinction between pure opinion, which “does not imply that it is based upon undisclosed facts,” and mixed opinion, which “implies that it is based upon facts which justify the opinion but are unknown to those reading or hearing it”

Mann v. Abel

In Mann v. Abel, 10 N.Y.3d 271, 856 N.Y.S.2d 31, 885 N.E.2d 884 (2008), the New York Court of Appeals examined a "piece, preceded by an editorial note indicating that it was an expression of opinion, [that] referred to Mann[, the town attorney,] as a ‘political hatchet Mann’ and said that he was ‘leading the Town of Rye to destruction.’ "

Rinaldi v. Holt, Rinehart

Stating that "[o]pinions, false or not, libelous or not, are constitutionally protected and may not be the subject of private damage actions"

Immuno Ag. v. Moor-Jankowski

Holding that the New York State Constitution independently provides protection for statements of opinion greater than those required by the First Amendment

Salvatore v. Kumar

Finding defamation claim properly dismissed for failure to state a claim where, inter alia, "plaintiffs failed to show that readers of the Report, which does not identify them by name but instead refers generally to certain 'executives and personnel' would be able to discern from the facts referred to in the Report that any defamatory statements were 'of and concerning' them"

600 West 115th Street Corp. v. Von Gutfeld

Holding that "[t]he allegation of ‘denigration’ " is not actionable because, "[w]hether defined as ‘cast[ing] aspersions on’ or ‘belittl[ing]’ ... the term falls far short of any requirement of verifiability"

Section 201 - Short title

Setting fourteen as the minimum age for most non-agricultural work

Section 1595 - Civil remedy

Authorizing private plaintiffs to "recover damages" but not speaking to injunctive relief

Section 74 - Privileges in action for libel