Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Iannacchino v. Ford Motor Co.

Holding that "a plaintiff's obligation to provide the grounds of his entitle[ment] to relief requires more than labels and conclusions"

Trans-Spec Truck v. Caterpillar

Holding that filing of motion to amend eleven months after deadline established by scheduling order was unjustifiable, absent issues of estoppel

Rollins v. Butland

Holding that a private individual seeking a consumer claim for damages under FDUTPA has to prove actual damages

Klay v. Humana, Inc.

Holding that where there were variations in state laws precluding a single class of doctors alleging breaches of contract by health maintenance organizations that systematically underpaid physicians for their services, subclasses could be certified covering class members applying the same legal standards

In re Colonial Mortgage Bankers Corp.

Holding that a judge may dismiss a case based on the affirmative defense of claim preclusion if the defense is disclosed in “the complaint, the documents (if any) incorporated therein, matters of public record, and other matters of which the court may take judicial notice”; and (b) “the facts so gleaned ... conclusively establish the ... defense”

Clorox Co. Puerto Rico v. Proctor Gamble

Holding that the court may consider a document "integral to or explicitly relied upon in the complaint, even though not attached to the complaint" (quoting Shaw v. Digit. Equip. Corp., 82 F.3d 1194, 1220 (1st Cir. 1996) )

Aspinall v. Philip Morris Companies, Inc.

Holding that conduct is actionably “deceptive when it has the capacity to mislead consumers, acting reasonably under the circumstances, to act differently from the way they otherwise would have acted (i.e., to entice a reasonable consumer to purchase the product)”

Slaney v. Westwood Auto, Inc.

Holding Massachusetts' Consumer Protection Act “is available only to a consumer, that is, a ‘person who purchases or leases goods . . . for personal, family or household purposes'”

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Rule 15 - Amended and Supplemental Pleadings

Finding that, per N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 1024, New York law provides a more forgiving principle for relation back in the context of naming John Doe defendants described with particularity in the complaint

Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

Requiring that fraud be pleaded with particularity

Section 93A:2 - Unfair practices; legislative intent; rules and regulations

Granting Massachusetts attorney general the authority to make rules and regulations interpreting section 2

Section 501.201 - Short title

Section 266:91 - Untrue and misleading advertisements; prohibitions

Prohibiting "untrue, deceptive or misleading" statements of fact in "an advertisement of any sort regarding merchandise, securities, service or anything so offered to the public"