Holding that employees "who have not suffered an injury in that they have been covered by Medicare for the medical care they have received retain a sufficient interest in this action for purposes of the Constitutional 'case or controversy' requirement"
Holding a district judge did not abuse his discretion in declining to recuse himself from a case when he screened his law clerk who had previously worked for one of the law firms representing a party in a case
Holding that plaintiffs are required to "present each claim for relief in a separate count" rather than asserting numerous claims within a single count
Holding that Rule 9(b) satisfied if "complaint sets forth precisely what statements were made in what documents or oral representations or what omissions were made, and the time and place of each statement and the person responsible for making it, . . . the content of such statements and the manner in which they misled plaintiffs, and what defendants obtained as a consequence of the fraud"
Affirming the dismissal of a complaint alleging discrimination under the ADA where the plaintiffs failed to allege that "they are unable to perform the essential functions of their jobs"
Holding allegation of use of the mails sufficient, where plaintiffs' allegation that "correspondence and other communications concerning [the alleged scheme to defraud] took place through . . . the mails" was supported by an attached affidavit from a recipient describing such correspondence, even though dates and times of mailings were not stated
Holding that it was error for lower court to presume reliance and noting that "neither this circuit nor the Supreme Court has extended a presumption of reliance outside the context of securities cases"
Determining that a complaint that had ninety-nine paragraphs of factual allegations that incorporated all of those paragraphs into the three counts was a shotgun complaint
Holding that plaintiff may not merely "label his or her claims" to survive a motion to dismiss, but must give defendant fair notice of the plaintiff's claims and the grounds upon which they rest