58 Cited authorities

  1. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 276,716 times   369 Legal Analyses
    Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
  2. Erickson v. Pardus

    551 U.S. 89 (2007)   Cited 64,333 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a complaint must "give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests"
  3. Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A.

    534 U.S. 506 (2002)   Cited 17,232 times   20 Legal Analyses
    Holding with regard to a 67-year-old plaintiff and a 59-year-old comparator that " difference of eight years between the age of the person discharged and his replacement . . . is not insignificant"
  4. Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc.

    282 F.3d 147 (2d Cir. 2002)   Cited 6,453 times   5 Legal Analyses
    Holding extrinsic materials were not "integral" to the complaint because the complaint "d[id] not refer to the[m]" and "plaintiffs apparently did not rely on them in drafting it"
  5. Goshen v. Mut. Life Ins. Co. of New York

    98 N.Y.2d 314 (N.Y. 2002)   Cited 3,472 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that disclaimers "do not establish a defense as a matter of law"
  6. Guggenheimer v. Ginzburg

    43 N.Y.2d 268 (N.Y. 1977)   Cited 4,161 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Reversing grant of motion to dismiss
  7. Eternity Global Master Fund Ltd. v. Morgan Guaranty Trust Co.

    375 F.3d 168 (2d Cir. 2004)   Cited 1,260 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that, to state a breach of contract claim, a plaintiff must allege, inter alia, "the existence of an agreement, . . . breach of contract by the defendant"
  8. Pension Fund v. Marine Bank

    85 N.Y.2d 20 (N.Y. 1995)   Cited 1,537 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the definition of deceptive acts and practices under GBL § 349 includes "representations or omissions"
  9. Gaidon v. the Guardian Life Insurance Co. of America

    94 N.Y.2d 330 (N.Y. 1999)   Cited 536 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that vanishing premium sales practices, as pled, "fall within the purview" of the state deceptive business practices statute but do "not constitute a `misrepresentation or material omission' necessary to sustain a cause of action for fraud"
  10. Pelman ex Rel. Pelman v. McDonald's Corp.

    396 F.3d 508 (2d Cir. 2005)   Cited 226 times
    Holding that a claim under Section 349 is "not subject to the pleading-with-particularity requirements of Rule 9(b), but need only meet the bare-bones notice-pleading requirements of Rule 8"
  11. Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 8   Cited 162,084 times   197 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
  12. Section 349 - Deceptive acts and practices unlawful

    N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law § 349   Cited 4,953 times   110 Legal Analyses
    Granting "any person who has been injured by reason of any violation of this section" the right to "bring an action in his own name"