Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Daimlerchrysler Corp. v. Cuno

Holding that an injury a plaintiff "suffers in some indefinite way in common with people generally" is not a cognizable injury-in-fact

Havens Realty Corp. v. Coleman

Holding that an organization suffers injury in fact when its key activities are "perceptibly impaired" and its resources "consequent[ly] drain[ed]"

Kowalski v. Tesmer

Holding that attorneys lacked third party standing to assert the rights of future, as yet unascertained clients with whom “they ha[d] no relationship at all”

Craig v. Boren

Holding that sex-based classifications are subject to intermediate scrutiny under the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause, including because Reed v. Reed , 404 U.S. 71, 92 S.Ct. 251, 30 L.Ed.2d 225, and other equal protection cases and social changes had overtaken any "inconsistent" suggestion in Goesaert v. Cleary , 335 U.S. 464, 69 S.Ct. 198, 93 L.Ed. 163

Darby v. Cisneros

Holding that the APA’s judicial review statute "explicitly requires exhaustion of all intra-agency appeals mandated either by statute or by agency rule," but does not "require litigants to exhaust optional appeals as well"

Virgin Atlantic Airways v. Nat. Mediation Bd.

Holding that "[e]ven if Rule 54(b) allows parties to request district courts to revisit earlier rulings, the moving party must do so within the strictures of the law of the case doctrine"

Carey v. Population Services International

Holding that a provider of contraceptives could bring a derivative constitutional challenge on behalf of potential customers

Doe v. U.S.

Holding that the plaintiff's motion for judgment on the pleadings was premature and should have been denied because it was filed before the defendant filed an answer

National Wrestling Coaches v. Dept. of Educ

Holding the plaintiffs had no standing to challenge the Department of Education's policy interpretations and clarifications on complying with Title IX, because the "direct causes" of the plaintiffs' injuries arose from the independent decisions of educational institutions that chose to eliminate or reduce the size of men's wrestling teams, and they "offer[ed] nothing but speculation to substantiate their assertion that a favorable judicial decision would result in schools altering their independent choices regarding the restoration or preservation of men's wrestling programs"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 1331 - Federal question

Finding that in order to invoke federal question jurisdiction, a plaintiff's claims must arise "under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States."

Rule 15 - Amended and Supplemental Pleadings

Finding that, per N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 1024, New York law provides a more forgiving principle for relation back in the context of naming John Doe defendants described with particularity in the complaint

Rule 60 - Relief from a Judgment or Order

Granting relief from the operation of a judgment

Rule 59 - New Trial; Altering or Amending a Judgment

Allowing a party to move to alter or amend a judgment "no later than 28 days after the entry of the judgment"

Section 1391 - Venue generally

Finding that venue lies where a "substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim" occurred

Section 706 - Scope of review

Granting courts jurisdiction to "compel agency action unlawfully held or unreasonably delayed"

Rule 24 - Intervention

Granting the right of intervention to qualifying persons "unless existing parties adequately represent" them

Rule 7 - Pleadings Allowed; Form of Motions and Other Papers

Defining "pleadings" for purposes of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

Section 704 - Actions reviewable

Granting judicial review over " final agency action"

Section 10.30 - Citizen petition

Describing the requirements for filing a citizens' petition

Section 10.25 - Initiation of administrative proceedings

Including forms under 21 C.F.R. § 314.50 among the forms that constitute a "petition"

Section 10.45 - Court review of final administrative action; exhaustion of administrative remedies

Providing that " request that the Commissioner take or refrain from taking any form of administrative action must first be the subject of a final administrative decision based on a petition submitted under § 10.25 . . . before any legal action is filed in a court complaining of the action or failure to act"

Section 10.3 - Definitions

Defining administrative record for FDA decisions

Section 314.120 - Reserved