Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc.

Holding that summary judgment is not appropriate if "the dispute about a material fact is ‘genuine,’ that is, if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party"

Celotex Corp. v. Catrett

Holding that a movant's summary judgment motion should be granted "against a [nonmovant] who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial"

Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc.

Holding that mental disability is not a quasi-suspect class

Engquist v. Oregon Dep't of Agric.

Holding that a class-of-one equal-protection claim cannot be raised in the public-employment context based in part upon the discretionary nature of the employment decisions

Wyeth v. Levine

Holding that the FDA's drug labeling judgments pursuant to the FDCA did not obstacle preempt state law products liability claims

United States v. Armstrong

Holding that “in the absence of clear evidence to the contrary, courts presume that [government officials] have properly discharged their official duties”

Heller v. Doe

Holding that courts must accept a legislature's generalizations under rational basis review "even when there is an imperfect fit between means and ends" or where the classification "is not made with mathematical nicety"

Lee v. City of L.A.

Holding that the district court erred in granting a motion to dismiss "by relying on extrinsic evidence and by taking judicial notice of disputed matters of fact to support its ruling"

Rule 56 - Summary Judgment

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Rule 201 - Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts

Holding "[n]ormally, in deciding a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, courts must limit their inquiry to the facts stated in the complaint and the documents either attached to or incorporated in the complaint. However, courts may also consider matters of which they may take judicial notice."

Section 1101 - Definitions

Finding notice and comment rulemaking is required for the agency's interim rule recognizing fear of coercive family practices as basis for refugee status

Section 1227 - Deportable aliens

Granting this discretion to the Attorney General

Section 1154 - Procedure for granting immigrant status

Granting immigrant status

Section 1103 - Powers and duties of the Secretary, the Under Secretary, and the Attorney General

Granting the Attorney General power to "establish such regulations" and "review . . . administrative determinations in immigration proceedings"

Section 1254a - Temporary protected status

Recognizing that an alien granted TPS is "considered as being in, and maintaining, lawful status as a nonimmigrant"

Section 1621 - Aliens who are not qualified aliens or nonimmigrants ineligible for State and local public benefits

Granting the U.S. Attorney General sole discretion to exempt certain state or local public benefits from PRWORA’s restrictions

Section 30301 - Definitions

Section 1622 - State authority to limit eligibility of qualified aliens for State public benefits

Section 274a.13 - [Effective 10/15/2025] Application for employment authorization

Eliminating the prior version's 90-day adjudication deadline and automatic issuance of an interim EAD

Section 152.2 - Definitions

Specifying that DACA recipients are not considered lawfully present for purposes of coverage under the Affordable Care Act