Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Arbaugh v. Y H Corp.

Holding that Title VII's numerosity requirement is nonjurisdictional even though it serves the important policy goal of “spar[ing] very small businesses from Title VII liability”

Roseboro v. Garrison

Holding that court must provide notice of requirements of summary judgment rule before granting summary judgment against pro se litigant

Kerns v. U.S.

Holding that “when the defendant challenges the veracity of the facts underpinning subject matter jurisdiction, the trial court may go beyond the complaint, conduct evidentiary proceedings, and resolve the disputed jurisdictional facts,” and “when the jurisdictional facts are inextricably intertwined with those central to the merits, the court should resolve the relevant factual disputes only after appropriate discovery”

Leeke v. Timmerman

Holding that a private party has no right to compel enforcement of criminal laws

Adams v. Bain

Holding that "where the jurisdictional facts are intertwined with the facts central to the merits of the dispute, . . . the entire factual dispute is appropriately resolved only by a proceeding on the merits" and it is inappropriate to dismiss the case for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction

Warren v. Sessoms & Rogers, P.A.

Holding that a Rule 68 offer of judgment moots a case

Clear Sky Car Wash, LLC v. City of Chesapeake

In Clear Sky Car Wash, LLC v. City of Chesapeake, 910 F.Supp.2d 861, 871, n. 8 (E.D.Va. 2012), the Court stated, "the Court must have before it a properly pled claim over which it has an independent basis for exercising original jurisdiction before it may act pursuant to the Declaratory Judgment Act."

Rashad v. Jenkins

Collecting federal circuit court cases

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 241 - Conspiracy against rights

Criminalizing civil-rights violations

Section 3771 - Crime victims' rights

Granting crime victim, crime victim's lawful representative and "the attorney for the Government" the right to assert the crime victim's CVRA rights

Section 6.2-203 - Contracts and securities from illegal currency dealing void; recovery of payments