Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Tellabs v. Makor Issues Rights

Holding that a strong inference is one that is "cogent and at least as compelling as any opposing inference"

Dura Pharmaceuticals v. Broudo

Holding that the securities statutes have a private of action “not to provide investors with broad insurance against market losses, but to protect them against those economic losses that misrepresentations actually cause”

In re Burlington Coat Factory

Holding that a court may consider a "document integral to or explicitly relied upon in the complaint" when deciding a motion to dismiss

TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.

Holding that materiality may be resolved at summary judgment "if the established omissions are so obviously important to an investor that reasonable minds cannot differ on the question of materiality"

Buck v. Hampton Tp. Sch. Dist

Holding that in analyzing a motion to dismiss, the court may consider documents “attached to or submitted with the complaint, and any matters incorporated by reference or integral to the claim, items subject to judicial notice, matters of public record, orders, items appearing in the record of the case.”

In re Rockefeller Center Properties, Inc.

Holding that a plaintiff must set forth the "who, what, when, where, and how" of the alleged fraud

Southland Securities v. Inspire Ins. Solutions

Holding that when determining whether a statement made by a corporation was made with scienter it is “appropriate to look to the state of mind of the individual corporate official or officials who make or issue the statement ... rather than generally to the collective knowledge of all the corporation's officers and employees”

Lentell v. Merrill Lynch Co., Inc.

Holding that to prove loss causation, a plaintiff must allege "that the misstatement or omission concealed something from the market that, when disclosed, negatively affected the value of the security"

Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

Permitting "[m]alice, intent, knowledge, and other conditions of a person's mind [to] be alleged generally"

Section 78u-4 - Private securities litigation

Granting courts authority to permit discovery if necessary "to preserve evidence or to prevent undue prejudice to" a party

Section 78t - Liability of controlling persons and persons who aid and abet violations

Holding liable any person "who, directly or indirectly, controls any person liable under any provision of this chapter or of any rule or regulation thereunder"

Section 240.15d-14 - Certification of disclosure in annual and quarterly reports