Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Erickson v. Pardus

Holding that a complaint must "give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests"

Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins

Holding that a statutory violation, without more, did not give rise to Article III standing

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes

Holding in Rule 23 context that “[w]ithout some glue holding the alleged reasons for all those decisions together, it will be impossible to say that examination of all the class members' claims for relief will produce a common answer”

Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc.

Holding that plaintiffs who curtailed their recreational activities on a river due to reasonable concerns about the effect of pollutant discharges into that river had standing

Amchem Prods., Inc. v. Windsor

Holding that courts are "bound to enforce" Rule 23's certification requirements, even where it means decertifying a class after they had reached a settlement agreement and submitted it to the court for approval

Warth v. Seldin

Holding that Article III requires plaintiffs "to establish that, in fact, the asserted injury was the consequence of the defendants' actions"

Blum v. Yaretsky

Holding that nursing home is not a state actor in part because provision of nursing home services is not a traditional and exclusive sovereign function

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Rule 23 - Class Actions

Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"

Section 201 - Short title

Setting fourteen as the minimum age for most non-agricultural work

Section 207 - Maximum hours

Establishing overtime rules

Section 203 - Definitions

Recognizing that "custom or practice" under a collective-bargaining agreement can make changing clothes noncompensable

Section 3-501 - Definitions

Defining "wage"

Section 3-401 - Definitions

Defining "employer" as including "a person who acts directly or indirectly in the interest of another employer with an employee"

Section 3-901 - Definitions