48 Cited authorities

  1. Ashcroft v. Iqbal

    556 U.S. 662 (2009)   Cited 263,589 times   281 Legal Analyses
    Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint
  2. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 276,823 times   369 Legal Analyses
    Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
  3. Erickson v. Pardus

    551 U.S. 89 (2007)   Cited 64,362 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a complaint must "give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests"
  4. Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins

    578 U.S. 330 (2016)   Cited 8,005 times   443 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a statutory violation, without more, did not give rise to Article III standing
  5. Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

    504 U.S. 555 (1992)   Cited 28,906 times   142 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"
  6. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes

    564 U.S. 338 (2011)   Cited 6,876 times   508 Legal Analyses
    Holding in Rule 23 context that “[w]ithout some glue holding the alleged reasons for all those decisions together, it will be impossible to say that examination of all the class members' claims for relief will produce a common answer”
  7. Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc.

    528 U.S. 167 (2000)   Cited 7,393 times   25 Legal Analyses
    Holding that plaintiffs who curtailed their recreational activities on a river due to reasonable concerns about the effect of pollutant discharges into that river had standing
  8. Amchem Prods., Inc. v. Windsor

    521 U.S. 591 (1997)   Cited 7,108 times   69 Legal Analyses
    Holding that courts are "bound to enforce" Rule 23's certification requirements, even where it means decertifying a class after they had reached a settlement agreement and submitted it to the court for approval
  9. Warth v. Seldin

    422 U.S. 490 (1975)   Cited 12,146 times   15 Legal Analyses
    Holding that Article III requires plaintiffs "to establish that, in fact, the asserted injury was the consequence of the defendants' actions"
  10. Blum v. Yaretsky

    457 U.S. 991 (1982)   Cited 2,856 times   7 Legal Analyses
    Holding that nursing home is not a state actor in part because provision of nursing home services is not a traditional and exclusive sovereign function
  11. Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 12   Cited 357,946 times   950 Legal Analyses
    Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
  12. Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 8   Cited 162,144 times   197 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
  13. Rule 23 - Class Actions

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 23   Cited 35,882 times   1250 Legal Analyses
    Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"
  14. Section 201 - Short title

    29 U.S.C. § 201   Cited 21,370 times   104 Legal Analyses
    Setting fourteen as the minimum age for most non-agricultural work
  15. Section 207 - Maximum hours

    29 U.S.C. § 207   Cited 10,749 times   231 Legal Analyses
    Establishing overtime rules
  16. Section 203 - Definitions

    29 U.S.C. § 203   Cited 6,972 times   280 Legal Analyses
    Recognizing that "custom or practice" under a collective-bargaining agreement can make changing clothes noncompensable
  17. Section 3-501 - Definitions

    Md. Code, Lab. & Empl. § 3-501   Cited 487 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Defining "wage"
  18. Section 3-401 - Definitions

    Md. Code, Lab. & Empl. § 3-401   Cited 385 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Defining "employer" as including "a person who acts directly or indirectly in the interest of another employer with an employee"
  19. Section 3-901 - Definitions

    Md. Code, Lab. & Empl. § 3-901   Cited 16 times

    (a) In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated. (b) "Construction services" includes the following services provided in connection with real property: (1) building; (2) reconstructing; (3) improving; (4) enlarging; (5) painting; (6) altering; (7) maintaining; and (8) repairing. (c) "Employer" means any person that employs an individual in the State. (d) "Exempt person" means an individual who: (1) performs services in a personal capacity and employs no individuals other than: