Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Vess v. Ciba-Geigy Corp. USA

Holding that the Rule 9(b) pleading standards apply to California CLRA, FAL, and UCL claims because, though fraud is not an essential element of those statutes, a plaintiff alleges a fraudulent course of conduct as the basis of those claims

Kearns v. Ford Motor Co.

Holding that circumstances constituting fraud must be stated with particularity

Ebner v. Fresh, Inc.

Holding that "claims under the California consumer protection statutes are governed by the ‘reasonable consumer’ test"

McBride v. Boughton

Holding that common count will "stand or fall" with cause of action seeking the same recovery

Hodgers-Durgin v. De La Vina

Holding that "federal law does not preclude local enforcement of the criminal provisions" of federal immigration law

Lavie v. Procter & Gamble Co.

Holding that the phrase "likely to deceive" "indicates that the ad [or conduct] is such that it is probable that a significant portion of the general consuming public or of targeted consumers, acting reasonably in the circumstances, could be misled"

Melchior v. New Line Productions, Inc.

Holding that there is no cause of action in California for unjust enrichment

Freeman v. Time, Inc.

Holding that promotional mailers for sweepstakes were not likely to deceive reasonable consumers because the mailers themselves contained qualifying language

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

Permitting "[m]alice, intent, knowledge, and other conditions of a person's mind [to] be alleged generally"

Section 17200 - Unfair competition defined

Prohibiting unlawful business practices

Section 1407 - Multidistrict litigation

Authorizing consolidation of pretrial proceedings for related cases filed in multiple federal districts

Section 1750 - Title of act

Section 17500 - Untrue or misleading advertising

Requiring action that originated in California to effect consumers in another state

Section 2607 - Effect of acceptance; notice of breach; burden of establishing breach after acceptance; notice of claim or litigation to person answerable over

Stating that a buyer "must, within a reasonable time after he or she discovers or should have discovered any breach, notify the seller of the breach or be barred from any remedy"