39 Cited authorities

Whren v. United States
517 U.S. 806 (1996) Cited 8,596 times 38 Legal Analyses
Holding that, upon observing traffic violation, officer may stop vehicle regardless of his subjective motivations, "as long as the circumstances, viewed objectively, justify that action"
Terry v. Ohio
392 U.S. 1 (1968) Cited 38,142 times 73 Legal Analyses
Holding that a police officer who has reasonable suspicion of criminal activity may conduct a brief investigative stop
Chimel v. California
395 U.S. 752 (1969) Cited 5,658 times 24 Legal Analyses
Holding that, absent a search warrant, there is "no . . . justification" for searching an area not within a suspect's immediate control during an arrest
Mapp v. Ohio
367 U.S. 643 (1961) Cited 8,289 times 22 Legal Analyses
Holding that the exclusionary rule under the Fourth Amendment applies to the States, and overruling the contrary rule of Wolf v. Colorado , 338 U.S. 25, 69 S.Ct. 1359, 93 L.Ed. 1782, after considering and rejecting "the current validity of the factual grounds upon which Wolf was based"
United States v. Robinson
414 U.S. 218 (1973) Cited 3,358 times 24 Legal Analyses
Holding that law enforcement officers are authorized to conduct a full search of every lawful custodial arrestee
Rawlings v. Kentucky
448 U.S. 98 (1980) Cited 2,283 times 8 Legal Analyses
Holding that a defendant could not benefit from the unconstitutional search of another person's purse
Sibron v. New York
392 U.S. 40 (1968) Cited 3,591 times 7 Legal Analyses
Holding that appeal from conviction after service of sentence not moot if there may be collateral consequences
Knowles v. Iowa
525 U.S. 113 (1998) Cited 864 times 16 Legal Analyses
Holding that when an officer cited a driver for speeding, the need to find evidence did not justify a search of a car because the officer had already obtained all the evidence necessary to prosecute the offense and no more evidence would be found in the car
Elkins v. United States
364 U.S. 206 (1960) Cited 2,060 times 8 Legal Analyses
Holding that "the imperative of judicial integrity" requires illegally gathered evidence to be suppressed
Preston v. United States
376 U.S. 364 (1964) Cited 1,498 times 2 Legal Analyses
Holding warrantless search illegal where "there was no danger that any of the men arrested could have used any weapons in the car"
Section 470.05 - Determination of appeals; general criteria
N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law § 470.05 Cited 14,277 times
Providing that a question of law is presented when "a protest thereto was registered, by the party claiming error, at the time of such ruling . . . or at any subsequent time when the court had an opportunity of effectively changing the same."

The People, Respondent,v.Graham Reid, Appellant.

39 Cited authorities

Holding that, upon observing traffic violation, officer may stop vehicle regardless of his subjective motivations, "as long as the circumstances, viewed objectively, justify that action"

Holding that a police officer who has reasonable suspicion of criminal activity may conduct a brief investigative stop

Holding that, absent a search warrant, there is "no . . . justification" for searching an area not within a suspect's immediate control during an arrest

Holding that the exclusionary rule under the Fourth Amendment applies to the States, and overruling the contrary rule of Wolf v. Colorado , 338 U.S. 25, 69 S.Ct. 1359, 93 L.Ed. 1782, after considering and rejecting "the current validity of the factual grounds upon which Wolf was based"

Holding that law enforcement officers are authorized to conduct a full search of every lawful custodial arrestee

Holding that a defendant could not benefit from the unconstitutional search of another person's purse

Holding that appeal from conviction after service of sentence not moot if there may be collateral consequences

Holding that when an officer cited a driver for speeding, the need to find evidence did not justify a search of a car because the officer had already obtained all the evidence necessary to prosecute the offense and no more evidence would be found in the car

Holding that "the imperative of judicial integrity" requires illegally gathered evidence to be suppressed

Holding warrantless search illegal where "there was no danger that any of the men arrested could have used any weapons in the car"

Providing that a question of law is presented when "a protest thereto was registered, by the party claiming error, at the time of such ruling . . . or at any subsequent time when the court had an opportunity of effectively changing the same."