Plumhoff v. Rickard

Holding officers who shot the driver of a fleeing vehicle "to put an end to a dangerous car chase" were entitled to qualified immunity

Rakas v. Illinois

Holding that the determinative question is "whether the person who claims the protection of the Amendment has a legitimate expectation of privacy in the invaded place"

Groh v. Ramirez

Holding that a warrant did not incorporate the supporting affidavit by "recit[ing] that the Magistrate was satisfied the affidavit established probable cause to believe that contraband was concealed on the premises"

Nixon v. Warner Communications, Inc.

Holding that "business information that might harm a litigant's competitive standing" can constitute a sufficient reason to preserve records under seal

Minnesota v. Carter

Holding that a guest lacked a legitimate expectation of privacy in his host's apartment because there was nothing "similar to the overnight guest relationship in Olson to suggest a degree of acceptance into the household"

Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain

Holding that no "private cause of action" had been Congressionally authorized, and thus, plaintiff was "not entitled to a remedy"

Seattle Times Co. v. Rhinehart

Holding that a court may prohibit a newspaper that is party to a case from publishing information obtained through the discovery process

Rawlings v. Kentucky

Holding that a defendant could not benefit from the unconstitutional search of another person's purse

Alderman v. United States

Holding that the victim of a warrantless search may object to the use of its fruits "not because he had any interest in the seized items as 'effects' protected by the Fourth Amendment, but because they were the fruits of an unauthorized search of his house, which is itself expressly protected by the Fourth Amendment"

Craig v. Boren

Holding that sex-based classifications are subject to intermediate scrutiny under the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause, including because Reed v. Reed , 404 U.S. 71, 92 S.Ct. 251, 30 L.Ed.2d 225, and other equal protection cases and social changes had overtaken any "inconsistent" suggestion in Goesaert v. Cleary , 335 U.S. 464, 69 S.Ct. 198, 93 L.Ed. 163

Section 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights

Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation

Section 2510 - Definitions

Defining "[i]nvestigative or law enforcement officer" as an officer "empowered by law to conduct investigations of or to make arrests for [certain] offenses . . . and any attorney authorized by law to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of such offenses"

Section 2701 - Unlawful access to stored communications

Holding liable any person who "intentionally accesses without authorization a facility through which an electronic communication service is provided ... and thereby obtains, alters, or prevents authorized access to a wire or electronic communication while it is in electronic storage"

Section 2703 - Required disclosure of customer communications or records

Recognizing that these providers "shall disclose" such information "when the governmental entity uses an administrative subpoena authorized by a Federal or State statute"

Section 2707 - Civil action

Granting relief to those "aggrieved by any violation of this chapter in which the conduct constituting the violation is engaged in with a knowing or intentional state of mind"

Section 2711 - Definitions for chapter

Adopting terms defined in 18 U.S.C. § 2510

Section 1805 - Issuance of order

Requiring "probable cause to believe . . . the target of the electronic surveillance is a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power"

Section 2705 - Delayed notice

Requiring government to demonstrate "reason to believe" that disclosure of the warrant will "seriously jeopardiz[e] an investigation" or result in another enumerated harm

Section 1524.2 - Search warrant for records in possession of foreign corporation that provides electronic communication services or remote computing services