Holding that although the FTCA's discretionary function exception would generally protect the creation of policies and rules, government actors do not have discretion to create unconstitutional policies
Fed. R. Civ. P. 19 Cited 9,519 times 54 Legal Analyses
Holding a person must be joined if disposing the action in the person's absence may leave an existing party subject to a "substantial" risk of incurring inconsistent obligations